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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
391 questions in 28 reviews · Incontinence
current versionsNo studies 391 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Single‐incision slings vs autologous fascial slings Subjective cure or improvement of urinary incontinence: at 12 months · women with urinary incontinence Single‐incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐incision slings vs retropubic minimally‐invasive slings Number of women with dyspareunia · women with urinary incontinence Single‐incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐incision slings vs retropubic minimally‐invasive slings Quality of life: at 12 months · women with urinary incontinence Single‐incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐incision slings vs autologous fascial slings Patient‐reported pain: at more than 24 months · women with urinary incontinence Single‐incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐incision slings vs autologous fascial slings Number of women with urinary retention · women with urinary incontinence Single‐incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐incision slings vs autologous fascial slings Quality of life: at 12 months · women with urinary incontinence Single‐incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐incision slings vs autologous fascial slings Number of women requiring repeat continence surgery · women with urinary incontinence Single‐incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐incision slings vs retropubic minimally‐invasive slings Patient‐reported pain: at more than 24 months · women with urinary incontinence Single‐incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs no treatment or placebo Subjective improvement or cure of POP symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training Objective improvement or cure of POP symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training Generic quality of life measures · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training Participant adherence to intervention · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training Minor adverse effects: vaginal events · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training Major adverse events · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs devices such Subjective improvement or cure of POP symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs devices such Improvement or cure of associated sexual symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs devices such Objective improvement or cure of POP symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs devices such Generic quality of life measures · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs devices such Participant adherence to intervention · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs no treatment or placebo Improvement or cure of associated sexual symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs devices such Minor adverse effects: vaginal events · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs devices such Major adverse events · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs surgery Subjective improvement or cure of POP symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs surgery Improvement or cure of associated sexual symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs surgery Objective improvement or cure of POP symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs surgery Generic quality of life measures · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs surgery Participant adherence to intervention · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs surgery Minor adverse effects: vaginal events · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs surgery Major adverse events · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs no treatment or placebo Objective improvement or cure of POP symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs no treatment or placebo Generic quality of life measures · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs no treatment or placebo Participant adherence to intervention · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs no treatment or placebo Minor adverse effects: vaginal events · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs no treatment or placebo Major adverse events · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training Subjective improvement or cure of POP symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training Improvement or cure of associated sexual symptoms · women with POP Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction Objective cure or improvement: > 6 to 12 months · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction Participant adherence to the intervention: as reported by the trialists, > 6 to 12 months · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction General quality of life: > 6 to 12 months · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction Number of participants experiencing surface or skin‐related adverse events: e.g. skin reactions, bruising, hypersensitivity to gel · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction Number of participants experiencing muscle‐related adverse events: e.g. soreness, discomfort, cramps, pain · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction Condition‐specific quality of life: using validated questionnaires, > 6 to 12 months · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction Participant adherence to the intervention: as reported by the trialists, > 6 to 12 months · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction General quality of life: > 6 to 12 months · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction Subjective cure or improvement: patient‐reported as defined by the trialists, > 6 to 12 months · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction Condition‐specific quality of life: using validated questionnaires, > 6 to 12 months · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prophylactic antibiotics (single or combined drugs) vs placebo or no treatment Number of major adverse effects defined by the study, before discharge · women with urinary stress incontinence undergoing continence surgery Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing infection after continence surgery in women with stress urinary… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prophylactic antibiotics (single or combined drugs) vs placebo or no treatment Number of women with sepsis or bacteraemia at hospital discharge · women with urinary stress incontinence undergoing continence surgery Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing infection after continence surgery in women with stress urinary… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs no treatment Presence or absence of urinary urgency · overactive bladder in adults Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs no treatment Episodes of urinary incontinence in a 24‐hour period · overactive bladder in adults Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |