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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
111 questions in 14 reviews · Endodontics and dental trauma
current versionsNo studies 111 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Partial pulpotomy vs Full (complete) pulpotomy Patient- and clinical-reported outcomes (tooth survival, clinical/radiographic success, pain) · Asymptomatic permanent teeth with deep caries (no symptoms) The effectiveness of partial pulpotomy compared with full pulpotomy in managing deep caries in vital… (2025) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Intervention NR Tooth survival · - The effectiveness of partial pulpotomy compared with full pulpotomy in managing deep caries in vital… (2025) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Partial pulpotomy vs Full (complete) pulpotomy Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) · Mature permanent (molar) teeth with deep caries and symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis (spontaneous pain) · >=6 months The effectiveness of partial pulpotomy compared with full pulpotomy in managing deep caries in vital… (2025) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Partial pulpotomy vs Full (complete) pulpotomy Patient- and clinical-reported outcomes (tooth survival, clinical/radiographic success, pain) · Permanent teeth with deep caries and reversible pulpitis (non-spontaneous pain) The effectiveness of partial pulpotomy compared with full pulpotomy in managing deep caries in vital… (2025) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Bio-active restorative materials vs Other restorative approaches Clinical effectiveness · Children with carious primary teeth · At least 12 months Clinical effectiveness of restorative materials for the restoration of carious primary teeth without pulp… (2022) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Bio-active restorative materials (containing bio-active compounds) vs Any conventional restorative material Treatment failure (planned; no eligible studies) · Children with carious primary teeth after vital or non-vital pulp therapy Clinical effectiveness of restorative materials for the restoration of carious lesions in pulp treated… (2022) | No studies were found that reported on the use of restorative materials containing bio-active compounds for the restoration of carious primary teeth after vital or non-vital pulp therapy. | 0 studies | No studies |
New restorative materials with bio-active molecules (bio-active materials, BM) vs Any restorative material or technique Not applicable (no eligible studies) · Children with carious primary teeth (no pulp therapy) Clinical effectiveness of restorative materials for the restoration of carious primary teeth without pulp… (2022) | The search retrieved no randomized controlled trials on the clinical effectiveness of new bio-active restorative materials for carious primary teeth. | 0 studies | No studies |
Glass ionomer cement vs Amalgam Adverse events · Patients needing retrograde filling in root canal therapy (orthograde root canal filling or retreatment not possible;… Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy (2021) · Cochrane | Adverse events: outcome was not assessed by the included studies | 0 studies | No studies |
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Intermediate restorative material (IRM) Adverse events · Patients needing retrograde filling in root canal therapy (orthograde root canal filling or retreatment not possible;… Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy (2021) · Cochrane | Adverse events: outcome was not assessed by the included studies | 0 studies | No studies |
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Super ethoxybenzoic acid (Super-EBA) Adverse events · Patients needing retrograde filling in root canal therapy (orthograde root canal filling or retreatment not possible;… Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy (2021) · Cochrane | Adverse events: outcome was not assessed by the included studies | 0 studies | No studies |
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Root repair material (RRM) Adverse events · Patients needing retrograde filling in root canal therapy (orthograde root canal filling or retreatment not possible;… Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy (2021) · Cochrane | Adverse events: outcome was not assessed by the included studies | 0 studies | No studies |
Dentine-bonded resin composite vs Glass ionomer cement Adverse events · Patients needing retrograde filling in root canal therapy (orthograde root canal filling or retreatment not possible;… Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy (2021) · Cochrane | Adverse events: outcome was not assessed by the included studies | 0 studies | No studies |
Super ethoxybenzoic acid (Super-EBA) vs Intermediate restorative material (IRM) Adverse events · Patients needing retrograde filling in root canal therapy (orthograde root canal filling or retreatment not possible;… Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy (2021) · Cochrane | Adverse events: outcome was not assessed by the included studies | 0 studies | No studies |
Fixation and stabilisation (splint type/duration) vs Different splint, no splint, or different splinting duration Outcome NR · People with avulsed and replanted permanent (front) teeth Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Treatment with antibiotics vs No antibiotics, placebo, or different types of antibiotics Outcome NR · People with avulsed and replanted permanent (front) teeth Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Systemic antibiotic (oral penicillin 500 mg) plus analgesic vs Placebo plus analgesic Number of adverse events · Adults over 18 years presenting with a single tooth with a clinical diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis Antibiotic use for irreversible pulpitis (2019) · Cochrane | Number of adverse events: Outcome not reported. | NR | No studies |
Storage of the tooth prior to replantation (storage medium) vs Different storage medium or dry storage Outcome NR · People with avulsed and replanted permanent (front) teeth Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Systemic antibiotic (oral penicillin 500 mg) plus analgesic vs Placebo plus analgesic Patient-reported pain relief · Adults over 18 years presenting with a single tooth with a clinical diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis Antibiotic use for irreversible pulpitis (2019) · Cochrane | Patient-reported pain relief: Outcome not reported. | NR | No studies |
Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) vs Zinc oxide and propolis (ZOP) Outcome NR · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | Listed as a pulpectomy comparison; no extractable outcome data reported in this version | 0 studies | No studies |
3Mix (ciprofloxacin + metronidazole + minocycline) vs Ciprofloxacin + ornidazole + minocycline Outcome NR · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | Listed as a pulpectomy comparison; no extractable outcome data reported in this version | 0 studies | No studies |
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Gutta-percha / AH-Plus Outcome NR · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | Listed as a pulpectomy comparison; no extractable outcome data reported in this version | 0 studies | No studies |
Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) vs Ozonated sesame oil-zinc oxide (ZO) Outcome NR · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | Listed as a pulpectomy comparison; no extractable outcome data reported in this version | 0 studies | No studies |
Formocresol (FC) pulpotomy vs Calcium hydroxide pulpectomy Outcome NR · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | Coser 2008 randomised 51 teeth; no data provided for any outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) vs RC Fill Outcome NR · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | Listed as a pulpectomy comparison; no extractable outcome data reported in this version | 0 studies | No studies |
Endoflas (CH + ZOE + iodoform) vs RC Fill Outcome NR · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | Listed as a pulpectomy comparison but no extractable outcome data reported in this version | 0 studies | No studies |
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs IRM (intermediate restorative material) Outcome NR · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | Listed as a pulpectomy comparison; no extractable outcome data reported in this version | 0 studies | No studies |
Repositioning of ankylosed teeth after osteotomy followed or not by distraction osteogenesis, or after luxation vs Conventional orthodontic treatment or follow-up with no specific treatment for ankylosis Outcome NR · Any patient with ankylosis and displacement of permanent front teeth diagnosed by clinical and radiographic… Interventions for treating traumatised ankylosed permanent front teeth (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Endodontic therapy (surgical or non-surgical) performed with the aid of one or more magnification devices (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs The same endodontic therapy performed without magnification devices (without visual enhancers) Quality of root-end filling (retrograde/surgical treatment) · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed. | NR | No studies |
Endodontic therapy performed with one type of magnification device (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs Endodontic therapy performed with a different type of magnification device Quality of root-end filling (retrograde/surgical treatment) · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed. | NR | No studies |
Root canal medications and canal filling, splinting, extraction of teeth, or surgical removal of any relevant pathology vs Each other, placebo, or no treatment Outcome NR · Patients with single and multiple permanent teeth with evidence of any type of external root resorption irrespective… · Any follow-up period Interventions for the management of external root resorption (2015) · Cochrane | None of the studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria and therefore no data analysis was conducted. (Main results: no RCTs that met the inclusion criteria were identified; one ongoing study, NCT00423956, potentially… | 0 studies | No studies |
Endodontic therapy (surgical or non-surgical) performed with the aid of one or more magnification devices (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs The same endodontic therapy performed without magnification devices (without visual enhancers) Removal of broken (fractured) instruments from the root canal · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed. | NR | No studies |
Endodontic therapy (surgical or non-surgical) performed with the aid of one or more magnification devices (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs The same endodontic therapy performed without magnification devices (without visual enhancers) Total time required to complete the clinical procedure · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included study assessed procedure time; such outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed. | NR | No studies |
Transplantation of other teeth after extraction of the ankylosed teeth vs Conventional orthodontic treatment or follow-up with no specific treatment for ankylosis Outcome NR · Any patient with ankylosis and displacement of permanent front teeth diagnosed by clinical and radiographic… Interventions for treating traumatised ankylosed permanent front teeth (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Endodontic therapy (surgical or non-surgical) performed with the aid of one or more magnification devices (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs The same endodontic therapy performed without magnification devices (without visual enhancers) Repair of root perforations · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed. | NR | No studies |
Endodontic therapy performed with one type of magnification device (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs Endodontic therapy performed with a different type of magnification device Repair of root perforations · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed. | NR | No studies |
Endodontic therapy (surgical or non-surgical) performed with the aid of one or more magnification devices (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs The same endodontic therapy performed without magnification devices (without visual enhancers) Quality of visualisation of root canal anatomy and morphology · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed. | NR | No studies |
Endodontic therapy (surgical or non-surgical) performed with the aid of one or more magnification devices (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs The same endodontic therapy performed without magnification devices (without visual enhancers) Treatment success (resolution of clinical signs and symptoms with periapical radiographic healing) · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment · >=1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | None of the studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria and therefore no data analysis was conducted (three potentially eligible trials were identified from 1234 records; all were excluded). | NR | No studies |
Endodontic therapy performed with one type of magnification device (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs Endodontic therapy performed with a different type of magnification device Total time required to complete the clinical procedure · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included study assessed procedure time. In the excluded trial Taschieri 2008, based on the operators' experience, completing the surgical procedure took on average four to five minutes longer for the endoscope than… | NR | No studies |
Endodontic therapy performed with one type of magnification device (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs Endodontic therapy performed with a different type of magnification device Treatment success (resolution of clinical signs and symptoms with periapical radiographic healing) · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment · >=1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | None of the studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria; the only trial comparing three magnification devices (Taschieri 2008) was excluded, so no data analysis was conducted. | NR | No studies |
Endodontic therapy performed with one type of magnification device (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs Endodontic therapy performed with a different type of magnification device Quality of visualisation of root canal anatomy and morphology · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed. | NR | No studies |
Endodontic therapy performed with one type of magnification device (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs Endodontic therapy performed with a different type of magnification device Removal of broken (fractured) instruments from the root canal · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed. | NR | No studies |
Fixed prostheses cemented to prepared teeth after extraction or decoronation of the ankylosed teeth vs Conventional orthodontic treatment or follow-up with no specific treatment for ankylosis Outcome NR · Any patient with ankylosis and displacement of permanent front teeth diagnosed by clinical and radiographic… Interventions for treating traumatised ankylosed permanent front teeth (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Implant-supported crowns after extraction or decoronation of the ankylosed teeth vs Conventional orthodontic treatment or follow-up with no specific treatment for ankylosis Outcome NR · Any patient with ankylosis and displacement of permanent front teeth diagnosed by clinical and radiographic… Interventions for treating traumatised ankylosed permanent front teeth (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Antibiotics (systemic) vs No antibiotics, placebo, or a different type of antibiotic Outcome NR · Patients (mainly children and young adults) with a history of dental trauma and a diagnosis of luxation (intrusion,… · Minimum 12 months follow-up Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: luxated (dislodged) teeth (2013) · Cochrane | Types of antibiotics: the effect of using no antibiotics, a placebo or different types of antibiotics. Main results: No randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials were found; no study was included in this review. | 0 studies | No studies |
Dental repositioning vs Spontaneous re-eruption, orthodontic repositioning, or surgical repositioning Outcome NR · Patients (mainly children and young adults) with a history of dental trauma and a diagnosis of luxation (intrusion,… · Minimum 12 months follow-up Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: luxated (dislodged) teeth (2013) · Cochrane | Types of dental repositioning: to compare spontaneous re-eruption, orthodontic repositioning or surgical repositioning. Main results: No randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials were found; no study was… | 0 studies | No studies |
Root canal medicaments vs No medicaments, placebo, or a different type of medicament Outcome NR · Patients (mainly children and young adults) with a history of dental trauma and a diagnosis of luxation (intrusion,… · Minimum 12 months follow-up Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: luxated (dislodged) teeth (2013) · Cochrane | Types of root canal medicaments: this was compared with no medicaments, placebo and different types of medicaments. Main results: No randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials were found; no study was included in… | 0 studies | No studies |
Fixation (splinting) vs No splint, or a different type or duration of splint Outcome NR · Patients (mainly children and young adults) with a history of dental trauma and a diagnosis of luxation (intrusion,… · Minimum 12 months follow-up Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: luxated (dislodged) teeth (2013) · Cochrane | Types and duration of fixation: the effect of using no splint or different types of splints and their duration. Main results: No randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials were found; no study was included in… | 0 studies | No studies |
Sodium hypochlorite 1.3% with MTAD final rinse vs Sodium hypochlorite 1.3% with normal saline final rinse Adverse effects · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% with EDTA 17% vs Sodium hypochlorite 1.3% with MTAD Mean change in health-related quality of life or participant-expressed satisfaction with the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% with EDTA 17% vs Sodium hypochlorite 1.3% with MTAD Adverse effects · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |