Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
240 questions in 36 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement
current versionsNo studies 240 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) vs sham tDCS Word retrieval · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active tDCS plus phonological word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus phonological word‐retrieval training Overall language abilities · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active tDCS plus phonological word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus phonological word‐retrieval training Overall cognitive assessment · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active tDCS plus phonological word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus phonological word‐retrieval training Quality of life · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training Overall language abilities · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training Overall cognitive assessment · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training vs sham tDCS plus semantic word‐retrieval training Quality of life · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) vs active control‐site rTMS Word retrieval · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) vs active control‐site rTMS Quality of life · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) vs sham tDCS Overall cognitive assessment · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) vs sham tDCS Quality of life · adults with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Non‐pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Providing information about the residents? fall risk vs usual care Serious adverse events related to the use of physical restraints ‐ not measured · older people in all long‐term care settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Providing information about the residents? fall risk vs usual care Duration of physical restraint use ‐ not measured · older people in all long‐term care settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Providing information about the residents? fall risk vs usual care Fall‐related injuries ‐ not measured · older people in all long‐term care settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Providing information about the residents? fall risk vs usual care Residents with at least one psychotropic medication ‐ not measured · older people in all long‐term care settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Simple educational intervention vs usual care Serious adverse events ‐ not measured · older people in all long‐term care settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Social activities vs usual care Consolidated sleep ‐ not measured · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Social activities vs usual care Total wake time at night (minutes) ‐ not reported · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Social activities vs usual care Number of nocturnal awakenings ‐ not reported · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Light therapy vs usual care Consolidated sleep ‐ not measured · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Social activities vs usual care Sleep onset latency ‐ not reported · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Carer interventions vs usual care Consolidated sleep ‐ not measured · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Carer interventions vs usual care Number of nocturnal awakenings ‐ not reported · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Carer interventions vs usual care Sleep onset latency ‐ not reported · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Multimodal interventions vs usual care Consolidated sleep ‐ not measured · sleep disturbances in dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Multimodal interventions vs usual care Sleep onset latency ‐ not reported · sleep disturbances in dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Physical activities vs usual care Consolidated sleep ‐ not measured · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Supportive and counselling interventions vs treatment Depression remission post‐treatment · depression and anxiety for people with dementia Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antiplatelet therapy vs placebo Major bleeding (intracranial and extracranial) · s for prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dual antiplatelet therapy vs single antiplatelet therapy Incident dementia · people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dual antiplatelet therapy vs single antiplatelet therapy Functional ability · people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antiplatelet drug vs placebo Incident dementia · s with mixed prevalence of antiplatelet drug use at baseline, for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in… Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dual antiplatelet therapy vs single antiplatelet therapy Any adverse events (excluding major bleeding) · people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antiplatelet therapy vs placebo Incident dementia · s for prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Complex information, support and training interventions vs information provision only Use of health and social resources ‐ not reported · Informal caregivers of people with dementia Remotely delivered information, training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Advance care planning vs usual care Pain ‐ not measured · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Advance care planning vs usual care Palliative care plan in place ‐ not measured · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Advance care planning vs usual care Quality of Life ‐ not measured · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Organisation and delivery vs usual care Pain ‐ not measured · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Organisation and delivery vs usual care Concordance with goals of care ‐ not measured · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Advance care planning vs usual care Comfort in dying ‐ not measured · advanced dementia Palliative care interventions in advanced dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Outcomes No of participants (studies) Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR New diagnosis of dementia (at any time point after randomisation) Not measured Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Nasogastric tubes vs no enteral tube feeding Pressure ulcers · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Nasogastric tubes vs no enteral tube feeding Pain and comfort · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of Life · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PEG vs no enteral tube feeding Quality of life · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PEG vs no enteral tube feeding Pain and comfort · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PEG vs no enteral tube feeding Improvement of nutritional status · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Nasogastric tubes vs no enteral tube feeding Survival time · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |