Gap finder

Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

249 questions in 68 reviews · Airways

current versions
No studies 249 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Triple therapy vs LABA/LAMA combination
Outcomes (weighted · people with stable COPD
Inhaled corticosteroids with combination inhaled long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic… (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Anxiolytics vs inactive control
Cardiovascular mortality · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Anxiolytics vs inactive control
Serious adverse events · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Anxiolytics vs inactive control
Quality of sleep · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Anxiolytics vs inactive control
Quality of life · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Anxiolytics vs inactive control
All‐cause mortality · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Methylxanthine derivatives vs inactive control
Cardiovascular mortality · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure in adults
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Methylxanthine derivatives vs inactive control
Serious adverse events · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure in adults
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Methylxanthine derivatives vs inactive control
Quality of sleep · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure in adults
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Methylxanthine derivatives vs inactive control
Quality of life · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure in adults
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Methylxanthine derivatives vs inactive control
All‐cause mortality · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure in adults
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Hypnotics vs inactive control
Cardiovascular mortality · adults with primary central sleep apnoea
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Hypnotics vs inactive control
Serious adverse events · adults with primary central sleep apnoea
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Hypnotics vs inactive control
Quality of sleep · adults with primary central sleep apnoea
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Hypnotics vs inactive control
Quality of life · adults with primary central sleep apnoea
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Hypnotics vs inactive control
All‐cause mortality · adults with primary central sleep apnoea
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors vs inactive control
Serious adverse events · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors vs inactive control
Quality of sleep · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors vs inactive control
Quality of life · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors vs inactive control
All‐cause mortality · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure
Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,…
Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LABA,…
Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,…
Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LAMA,…
Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LABA,…
Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,…
Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,…
Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids
Outcomes* · adults and children with chronic asthma
Increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and… (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Cardiovascular mortality
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Serious adverse events
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Quality of sleep
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
All‐cause mortality
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Time to life‐saving cardiovascular intervention
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs bilevel ventilation
Cardiovascular mortality
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs bilevel ventilation
Serious adverse events
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs bilevel ventilation
Quality of sleep
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs bilevel ventilation
Quality of life
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs bilevel ventilation
All‐cause mortality
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs bilevel ventilation
Time to life‐saving cardiovascular intervention
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Cardiovascular mortality
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Serious adverse events
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Quality of sleep
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) plus best supportive care vs best supportive care
Serious adverse events
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
All‐cause mortality
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Time to life‐saving cardiovascular intervention
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs bilevel ventilation
Cardiovascular mortality
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs bilevel ventilation
Serious adverse events
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs bilevel ventilation
Quality of sleep
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs bilevel ventilation
Quality of life
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs bilevel ventilation
All‐cause mortality
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies