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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
726 questions in 98 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth
current versionsNo studies 726 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Acupuncture vs water injection Pain intensity ‐ not reported · pain management in labour Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs water injection Satisfaction with pain relief ‐ not reported · pain management in labour Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs water injection Sense of control in labour ‐ not reported · pain management in labour Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs water injection Satisfaction with childbirth experience ‐ not reported · pain management in labour Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs sham control Sense of control in labour ‐ not reported · pain management in labour Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupressure vs sham control Satisfaction with pain relief ‐ not reported · pain management in labour Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupressure vs sham control Sense of control in labour ‐ not reported · pain management in labour Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupressure vs sham control Satisfaction with childbirth experience ‐ not reported · pain management in labour Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupressure vs usual care Sense of control in labour ‐ not reported · pain management in labour Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupressure vs usual care Satisfaction with childbirth experience ‐ not reported · pain management in labour Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs sham control Satisfaction with childbirth experience ‐ not reported · pain management in labour Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupressure vs usual care Use of pharmacological pain relief ‐ not reported · pain management in labour Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupressure vs usual care Assisted vaginal birth ‐ not reported · pain management in labour Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupressure vs combined control Satisfaction with pain relief ‐ not reported · pain management in labour Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupressure vs combined control Sense of control in labour ‐ not reported · pain management in labour Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture or acupressure plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture or acupressure plus analgesia vs analgesia Vital signs · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture or acupressure plus analgesia vs analgesia Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aromatherapy plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electromagnetic therapy plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Adverse effects · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electromagnetic therapy plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Vital signs · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electromagnetic therapy plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture or acupressure vs no treatment Vital signs · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage (foot and hand) plus analgesia vs analgesia Pain at six weeks after discharge · patients with post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture or acupressure vs no treatment Rescue analgesic requirement up to 24 hours · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Music plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Music plus analgesia vs analgesia Adverse effects · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Music plus analgesia vs analgesia Vital signs · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Music plus analgesia vs analgesia Pain at 6 weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture or acupressure vs no treatment Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Reiki plus analgesia vs analgesia Rescue analgesic requirement · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Reiki plus analgesia vs analgesia Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Relaxation vs standard care Adverse effects · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Relaxation vs standard care Vital signs · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Relaxation vs standard care Rescue analgesic requirement · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Relaxation vs standard care Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
TENS vs no treatment Adverse effects · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
TENS vs no treatment Vital signs · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
TENS vs no treatment Rescue analgesic requirement · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
TENS vs no treatment Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture or acupressure plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Adverse effects · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
TENS plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
TENS plus analgesia vs analgesia Adverse effects · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture or acupressure plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Vital signs · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
TENS plus analgesia vs analgesia Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pharmacological oral galactagogues vs placebo or no treatment Proportion of mothers who continued breastfeeding (exclusive or any) at 3, 4 and 6 months · increasing breast milk production in mothers of non‐hospitalised term infants Oral galactagogues (natural therapies or drugs) for increasing breast milk production in mothers of… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laxative vs placebo Pain or straining on defecation · women in the postpartum period Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laxative plus bulking agent vs laxative alone Incidence of postpartum constipation · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laxative plus bulking agent vs laxative alone Quality of life · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laxative plus bulking agent vs laxative alone Adverse effects on babies · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |