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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
391 questions in 28 reviews · Incontinence
current versionsNo studies 391 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Any washout vs no washout Catheter removal rates due to blockage/infection · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any washout vs no washout Rates of asymptomatic bacteriuria · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One washout solution vs another Symtomatic UTI Mean number of episodes of high temperature · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical stimulation vs sham treatment Cost‐effectiveness · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training Cost‐effectiveness · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical stimulation vs vaginal cones Cost‐effectiveness · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical stimulation vs PFMT plus vaginal cones Incontinence‐specific quality of life · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical stimulation vs PFMT plus vaginal cones Adverse effects · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical stimulation vs PFMT plus vaginal cones Cost‐effectiveness · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical stimulation vs drug therapy Cure: number of women with self‐reported continence · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical stimulation vs drug therapy Incontinence‐specific quality of life · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical stimulation vs drug therapy Adverse effects · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical stimulation vs drug therapy Cost‐effectiveness · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical stimulation plus PFMT vs PFMT Cost‐effectiveness · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical stimulation plus surgery vs surgery Cost‐effectiveness · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surface ES vs intravaginal ES Cure: number of women with self‐reported continence · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surface ES vs intravaginal ES Improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI (cured or improved) · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surface ES vs intravaginal ES Adverse effects · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surface ES vs intravaginal ES Cost‐effectiveness · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low intensity ES plus PFMT vs maximal intensity ES plus PFMT Cure: number of women with self‐reported continence · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low intensity ES plus PFMT vs maximal intensity ES plus PFMT Incontinence‐specific quality of life · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low intensity ES plus PFMT vs maximal intensity ES plus PFMT Adverse effects ‐ not reported · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electrical stimulation vs no active treatment Cost‐effectiveness · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low intensity ES plus PFMT vs maximal intensity ES plus PFMT Cost‐effectiveness ‐ not reported · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Conventional ES plus PFMT vs dynamic ES plus PFMT Cure: number of women with self‐reported continence · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Conventional ES plus PFMT vs dynamic ES plus PFMT Adverse effects ‐ not reported · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Conventional ES plus PFMT vs dynamic ES plus PFMT Cost‐effectiveness ‐ not reported · women with stress urinary incontinence Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics at time of replacement vs no antibiotics at time of replacement Adverse effects (Urinary tract trauma) ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics at time of replacement vs no antibiotics at time of replacement Formal economic analysis ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sterile water vs 0.05% chlorohexidine gluconate Participant satisfaction ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sterile water vs 0.05% chlorohexidine gluconate Condition‐specific quality of life measures ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sterile water vs 0.05% chlorohexidine gluconate Adverse effects (Urinary tract trauma) ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sterile water vs 0.05% chlorohexidine gluconate Adverse effects (Death) ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sterile water vs 0.05% chlorohexidine gluconate Formal economic analysis ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Monthly & PRN catheter replacement vs PRN catheter replacement Participant satisfaction ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Monthly & PRN catheter replacement vs PRN catheter replacement Condition‐specific quality‐of‐life measures ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Monthly & PRN catheter replacement vs PRN catheter replacement Adverse effects (Urinary tract trauma) ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Monthly & PRN catheter replacement vs PRN catheter replacement Adverse effects (Death) ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Monthly & PRN catheter replacement vs PRN catheter replacement Formal economic analysis ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics at time of replacement vs no antibiotics at time of replacement Symptomatic CAUTI ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics at time of replacement vs no antibiotics at time of replacement Participant satisfaction ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics at time of replacement vs no antibiotics at time of replacement Condition‐specific quality of life measures ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any skin care procedure (method or frequency of application) vs any unstructured skin care procedure Number of participants with IAD (new) · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any skin care procedure (method or frequency of application) vs any unstructured skin care procedure Number of participants not satisfied with treatment · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any skin care procedure (method or frequency of application) vs any unstructured skin care procedure Number of participants with pain due to IAD · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any skin care procedure (method or frequency of application) vs any unstructured skin care procedure Number of participants with pain due to skin care product or procedure · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any skin care procedure (method or frequency of application) vs any unstructured skin care procedure Adverse reaction due to the skin care product or procedure, e.g. skin irritation, rash, itching, allergic reaction · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any skin care procedure (method or frequency of application) vs any unstructured skin care procedure Incremental cost‐effectiveness · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any method of application of a topical skin care product vs another method of application of the topical skin care product Number of participants with IAD (residual, i.e. not healed) · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any method of application of a topical skin care product vs another method of application of the topical skin care product Number of participants with IAD (new) · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |