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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,344 questions in 217 reviews · Oral Health
current versionsNo studies 1,344 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after subgingival instrumentation (SI) vs Subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or both), or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Patient satisfaction · Adults (> 18 years) with recurrent periodontitis, receiving supportive (maintenance) periodontal care Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome. | NR | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Acupuncture Severity of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 5 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Chlorhexidine varnish Dental pain or sensitivity · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with glass ionomer cement (GIC) or glass ionomer material Caries arrest · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · Permanent dentition Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome in this dentition type | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Acupuncture Frequency of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 5 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training, laser, TENS, manual therapy) Discomfort · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 3 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Sealants or resin infiltration Dental pain or sensitivity · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) plus fluoride varnish vs Sealants plus fluoride varnish (with or without restorations) Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) plus fluoride varnish vs Sealants plus fluoride varnish (with or without restorations) Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Health service and/or policy intervention designed to modify access to oral health information or services for pregnant women, new mothers or other primary caregivers vs Standard care (or any comparator) Outcome NR · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes,… Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood… (2024) · Cochrane | No trials evaluated policy or health service interventions designed to modify access to oral health information or services. | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Restoration (restorative treatment) Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Placebo or no treatment Dental pain or sensitivity · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies measured this outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
Thermoelastic copper NiTi (CuNiTi) arch wire vs Conventional NiTi arch wire Root resorption · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | Root resorption: not reported | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Silver nitrate plus fluoride varnish Aesthetics · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Fluoride varnish Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · Permanent dentition (coronal) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data in this dentition type | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Chlorhexidine varnish Adverse effects · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Change in clinical attachment level (CAL) · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implant mucositis, receiving active treatment Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | Only one study reported evidence for adjunctive aPDT in people with peri-implant disease (Al Rifaiy 2022). Data were only available for two outcomes (PPD and BOP), both reported only at three months. No studies… | NR | No studies |
High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day from pregnancy week 24 to 1 week postpartum, in addition to the recommended 400 IU/day) vs Low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in national pregnancy guidelines dmft index score · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes,… Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood… (2024) · Cochrane | dmft was listed in the SoF table but not assessed (not reported for this comparison). | 0 studies | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after subgingival instrumentation (SI) vs Subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or both), or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Pocket closure · Adults (> 18 years) with recurrent periodontitis, receiving supportive (maintenance) periodontal care · 6 months (change from baseline) Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | No studies measured this outcome at 6 months (SoF row labeled 'Change in pocket depth from baseline to 6 months after treatment'); no studies reported these data at six months after treatment. | NR | No studies |
NiTi arch wire of one cross-sectional size vs NiTi arch wire of a different cross-sectional size Alignment rate · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | Alignment rate: not reported | 0 studies | No studies |
Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) vs Placebo or no active treatment Direct costs · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | The trials did not measure costs. | 0 studies | No studies |
Single-strand superelastic NiTi arch wire vs Coaxial superelastic NiTi arch wire Root resorption · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | Root resorption: not reported | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management) Discomfort · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 4 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Another occlusal splint with a different mechanism of action Discomfort · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 2 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Multistrand stainless steel wire vs Wires of other materials (conventional stainless steel, superelastic NiTi, thermoelastic NiTi) Time to alignment · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | Time to alignment: not reported | 0 studies | No studies |
SDF (given at a particular frequency, concentration, or duration) vs SDF (given at a different frequency, concentration, or duration) Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
Multistrand stainless steel wire vs Wires of other materials (conventional stainless steel, superelastic NiTi, thermoelastic NiTi) Root resorption · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | Root resorption: not reported | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Another occlusal splint with a different mechanism of action Muscle pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 2 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day from pregnancy week 24 to 1 week postpartum, in addition to the recommended 400 IU/day) vs Low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in national pregnancy guidelines dmfs index score · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes,… Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood… (2024) · Cochrane | dmfs was listed in the SoF table but not assessed (not reported for this comparison). | 0 studies | No studies |
SDF (given at a particular frequency, concentration, or duration) vs SDF (given at a different frequency, concentration, or duration) Dental pain or sensitivity · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
Original development of CAMBRA (Caries Management by Risk Assessment) or CAT (Caries-risk Assessment Tool) multivariable models vs Not applicable Model development with reported performance measures (per CHARMS) · Individuals of any age at risk of caries increment · Model development studies Multivariable prediction models of caries increment: a systematic review and critical appraisal. (2023) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Full-time wear of removable retainer (any type) vs Part-time wear of removable retainer (any type) Patient satisfaction · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment · 12 months, lower arch Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces (2023) · Cochrane | Not measured | 0 studies | No studies |
Surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy vs Chemotherapy (chemoradiotherapy) Disease-free survival · Adults with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer · oral cavity Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment (2023) · Cochrane | Disease-free survival: not reported (Iyer 2015). | 0 studies | No studies |
Surgery plus radiotherapy vs Radiotherapy alone Locoregional recurrence · Adults with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment (2023) · Cochrane | Locoregional recurrence: not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
CAD/CAM nitinol fixed (bonded) retainer vs Conventional/analogue multistrand fixed (bonded) retainer Patient satisfaction: discomfort/pain (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment · 12 months, lower arch Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces (2023) · Cochrane | No studies measured or reported this outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
Light vibrational forces (LVF) vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment (placebo or no adjunct) Cost of treatment · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances Non‐surgical adjunctive interventions for accelerating tooth movement in patients undergoing orthodontic… (2023) · Cochrane | Cost of treatment was not investigated in any of the included studies. | NR | No studies |
Hawley removable retainer vs Clear plastic removable retainer Adverse effects on oral health · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment · 12 months, lower arch Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces (2023) · Cochrane | Not measured | 0 studies | No studies |
Surgery plus radiotherapy vs Radiotherapy alone Disease-free survival · Adults with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment (2023) · Cochrane | Disease-free survival: not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Full-time wear of removable retainer (any type) vs Part-time wear of removable retainer (any type) Survival of retainers · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment · 12 months, lower arch Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces (2023) · Cochrane | Not measured | 0 studies | No studies |
Full-time wear of removable retainer (any type) vs Part-time wear of removable retainer (any type) Adverse effects on oral health · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment · 12 months, lower arch Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces (2023) · Cochrane | Not measured | 0 studies | No studies |
Fibre-reinforced composite fixed (bonded) retainer vs Multistrand / spiral wire fixed (bonded) retainer Adverse effects on oral health: bleeding on probing (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment · 12 months, lower arch Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces (2023) · Cochrane | No RCTs at 12-month follow-up; 1 RCT at 6 months found no difference (very low-certainty) | 0 studies | No studies |
Hawley removable retainer vs Clear plastic removable retainer Patient satisfaction: comfort (VAS, upper and lower arches) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment · 12 months, upper and lower arches Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces (2023) · Cochrane | No RCTs at 12 months; 1 RCT at 6 months: Hawley less comfortable (VAS MD -1.86, 95% CI -2.19 to -1.53; very low-certainty) | 0 studies | No studies |
Low level laser therapy (LLLT) vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment Patient-reported need for analgesics · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment Non‐surgical adjunctive interventions for accelerating tooth movement in patients undergoing orthodontic… (2023) · Cochrane | Patient-reported need for analgesics | Not reported | NR | No studies |
Low level laser therapy (LLLT) vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment Total number of orthodontic appliance adjustment visits during overall treatment · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment Non‐surgical adjunctive interventions for accelerating tooth movement in patients undergoing orthodontic… (2023) · Cochrane | No study reported on the influence of LLLT on the total number of orthodontic appliance adjustment visits to complete a course of treatment. | NR | No studies |
Elective radical (comprehensive) neck dissection vs Elective selective neck dissection Locoregional recurrence · Adults with oral cavity cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment (2023) · Cochrane | Locoregional recurrence: not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Surgery vs Radiotherapy alone Locoregional recurrence · Adults with oropharyngeal cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment (2023) · Cochrane | Locoregional recurrence: not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Surgery plus radiotherapy vs Radiotherapy alone Recurrence · Adults with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment (2023) · Cochrane | Recurrence: not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Low level laser therapy (LLLT) vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment Duration of total overall orthodontic treatment · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment Non‐surgical adjunctive interventions for accelerating tooth movement in patients undergoing orthodontic… (2023) · Cochrane | No study reported on the influence of LLLT on the total overall orthodontic treatment duration. | NR | No studies |
Light-emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) during alignment stage · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment Non‐surgical adjunctive interventions for accelerating tooth movement in patients undergoing orthodontic… (2023) · Cochrane | Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) during alignment stage | Not reported | NR | No studies |
Light-emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment Patient-reported need for analgesics · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment Non‐surgical adjunctive interventions for accelerating tooth movement in patients undergoing orthodontic… (2023) · Cochrane | Patient-reported need for analgesics | Not reported | NR | No studies |