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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
197 questions in 30 reviews · Anaesthesia
current versionsNo studies 197 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Speed of onset of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Participants' experience of the procedures · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | No data from the included studies were available. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine Speed of onset of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Speed of onset of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine Duration of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% prilocaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Duration of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
3% prilocaine, 0.03 IU felypressin vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain on injection (solution deposition) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% prilocaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Speed of onset of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% prilocaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Duration of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: paraesthesia following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: paraesthesia following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% prilocaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain on injection (solution deposition) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
3% prilocaine, 0.03 IU felypressin vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Duration of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Duration of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: paraesthesia following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% prilocaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: paraesthesia following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: See comment; 0 participants (0 studies); 1 case of prolonged anaesthesia recorded; no clinical studies met the outcome definition (unable to confirm whether prolonged anaesthesia = paraesthesia). | 0 studies | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse effects of continuous local anaesthetic infusion ‐ not reported · women with breast cancer undergoing elective surgery Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Thoracic epidural anaesthesia vs conventional pain control Adverse effects of epidural anaesthesia ‐ not reported · people undergoing open thoracotomy Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Regional anaesthesia vs conventional pain control Adverse effects of paravertebral block for breast cancer surgery · women with breast cancer undergoing elective surgery Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse effects of local or regional anaesthesia ‐ not reported · women after caesarean section Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse effects of continuous local anaesthetic infusion ‐ not reported · people after iliac crest bone graft harvesting Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Peppermint vs placebo Patient satisfaction with treatment Measured by a validated scale · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation,… Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Isopropyl alcohol vs standard treatment Nausea severity Measured by a validated scale or medical or nursing observation · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation,… Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Isopropyl alcohol vs standard treatment Adverse events (common reactions to aromatherapy include skin rashes, dyspnoea, headache, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension or dizziness) · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation,… Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Isopropyl alcohol vs saline Nausea severity Measured by a validated scale or medical or nursing observation · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation,… Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Isopropyl alcohol vs saline Nausea duration (nausea‐free at end of treatment) Measured by participant self‐report or medical or nursing observation · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation,… Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Isopropyl alcohol vs saline Adverse events (common reactions to aromatherapy include skin rashes, dyspnoea, headache, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension or dizziness) · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation,… Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Isopropyl alcohol vs saline Patient satisfaction with treatment Measured by a validated scale · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation,… Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aromatherapy vs placebo Adverse events (common reactions to aromatherapy include skin rashes, dyspnoea, headache, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension or dizziness) · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation,… Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aromatherapy vs placebo Patient satisfaction with treatment Measured by a validated scale · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation,… Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Peppermint vs placebo Nausea duration (nausea‐free at end of treatment) Measured by participant self‐report or medical or nursing observation · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation,… Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Peppermint vs placebo Use of rescue antiemetics · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation,… Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Peppermint vs placebo Adverse events (common reactions to aromatherapy include skin rashes, dyspnoea, headache, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension or dizziness) · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation,… Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active cerebral oxygenation monitoring vs blinded cerebral oxygenation monitoring Adverse events · children and adults undergoing surgery Cerebral near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for perioperative monitoring of brain oxygenation in children and… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pulmonary artery perfusion with blood vs no perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass Number of participants with pulmonary events within longest · adult surgical patients with the need for cardiopulmonary bypass‐dependent heart surgery Pulmonary artery perfusion versus no perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass for open heart surgery in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pre‐emptive opioids vs postincision opioids Respiratory depression (defined as SaO2 < 92%; yes/no during the postoperative period) · adults undergoing dental surgery Pre‐emptive and preventive opioids for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pre‐emptive opioids vs postincision opioids 24‐hour morphine consumption (mg) (if alternative opioids were used, we converted these to morphine equivalents using standard conversion factors) · adults undergoing dental surgery Pre‐emptive and preventive opioids for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pre‐emptive opioids vs postincision opioids Intraoperative bradycardia (yes/no) · adults undergoing dental surgery Pre‐emptive and preventive opioids for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pre‐emptive opioids vs postincision opioids Intraoperative hypotension (yes/no) · adults undergoing dental surgery Pre‐emptive and preventive opioids for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
3% prilocaine, 0.03 IU felypressin vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: paraesthesia following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: paraesthesia following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Duration of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Speed of onset of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
3% prilocaine, 0.03 IU felypressin vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |