Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
15,213 questions in 2,394 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological therapy Frequency of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 6 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Sealants or resin infiltration Aesthetics · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
Single-strand superelastic NiTi arch wire vs Coaxial superelastic NiTi arch wire Time to alignment · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | Time to alignment: not reported | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Sealants or resin infiltration Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · Permanent dentition (root) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data in this dentition type | 0 studies | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Outcome NR · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implant mucositis, receiving supportive treatment Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | Planned comparison; no studies met the inclusion criteria. The review found only one study of peri-implant disease (peri-implant mucositis, active treatment) and no studies including people with peri-implantitis… | NR | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Sealants or resin infiltration Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · Primary dentition Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data in this dentition type | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Acupuncture Discomfort · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 5 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological therapy Muscle pain at mastication · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 6 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Outcome NR · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implantitis, receiving active treatment Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | Planned comparison; no studies met the inclusion criteria. The review found only one study of peri-implant disease (peri-implant mucositis, active treatment) and no studies including people with peri-implantitis… | NR | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Silver nitrate plus fluoride varnish Dental pain or sensitivity · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Breastfeeding promotion and support (e.g. individually tailored home-based peer counselling on the importance of breastfeeding, with advice and support for healthy breastfeeding) vs Standard care dmfs index score · For interventions, pregnant and lactating women; for outcomes, children up to 6 years of age Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood… (2024) · Cochrane | dmfs was listed in the SoF table but not assessed (not reported for this comparison). | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Acupuncture Self-reported joint pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 5 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Placebo or no treatment Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · Permanent dentition (root) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies measured this outcome for root surfaces | 0 studies | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after subgingival instrumentation (SI) vs Subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or both), or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Pocket closure · Adults (> 18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of periodontitis, receiving active (non-surgical anti-infective) treatment · 6 months (change from baseline) Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | No studies measured this outcome at 6 months (SoF row labeled 'Change in pocket depth from baseline to 6 months after initial treatment'). | NR | No studies |
Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) vs Placebo or no active treatment Postoperative discomfort or pain · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | The trials did not measure postoperative discomfort or pain. | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Fluoride varnish Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · Permanent dentition (root) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data in this dentition type | 0 studies | No studies |
Superelastic NiTi arch wire vs Multistrand stainless steel arch wire Time to next/working arch wire · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported time to next/working arch wire | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological therapy Muscle pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 6 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with glass ionomer cement (GIC) or glass ionomer material Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · Primary and permanent dentition Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
NiTi arch wire of one cross-sectional size vs NiTi arch wire of a different cross-sectional size Time to next/working arch wire · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported time to next/working arch wire | 0 studies | No studies |
Dietary advice on how to achieve a healthy diet for infants (tailored advice focused on a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol intake) vs Standard care dmft index score · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes,… Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood… (2024) · Cochrane | dmft was listed in the SoF table but not assessed (not reported for this comparison). | 0 studies | No studies |
Single-strand superelastic NiTi arch wire vs Coaxial superelastic NiTi arch wire Pain · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | Pain: not reported | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management) Frequency of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 4 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Outcome NR · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implantitis, receiving supportive treatment Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | Planned comparison; no studies met the inclusion criteria. The review found only one study of peri-implant disease (peri-implant mucositis, active treatment) and no studies including people with peri-implantitis… | NR | No studies |
Facemask (RME) or modified facemask vs Surgically-anchored appliance (miniscrews or miniplates) Perceived need for surgery in adulthood · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | SoF4: Perceived need for surgery in adulthood - Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Glass ionomer cement (GIC) plus fluoride varnish Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management) Recurrence rate · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 4 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Restoration (restorative treatment) Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Patient satisfaction · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implant mucositis, receiving active treatment Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | Only one study reported evidence for adjunctive aPDT in people with peri-implant disease (Al Rifaiy 2022). Data were only available for two outcomes (PPD and BOP), both reported only at three months. No studies… | NR | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after subgingival instrumentation (SI) vs Subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or both), or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Quality of life · Adults (> 18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of periodontitis, receiving active (non-surgical anti-infective) treatment Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome. | NR | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Silver nitrate plus fluoride varnish Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Any adverse effect related to aPDT · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implant mucositis, receiving active treatment Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | Only one study reported evidence for adjunctive aPDT in people with peri-implant disease (Al Rifaiy 2022). Data were only available for two outcomes (PPD and BOP), both reported only at three months. No studies… | NR | No studies |
Consumption of xylitol chewing gum by women (mothers) vs Consumption of CHX/xylitol gum by women, or CHX varnish applied to women's dentition dmfs index score · For interventions, pregnant women and mothers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6… Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood… (2024) · Cochrane | dmfs was listed in the SoF table but not assessed (not reported for this comparison). | 0 studies | No studies |
Single-strand superelastic NiTi arch wire vs Coaxial superelastic NiTi arch wire Time to next/working arch wire · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported time to next/working arch wire | 0 studies | No studies |
Surgery vs corticosteroid injection Health‐related quality of life ‐ Long‐term improvement: > 3 months · people with carpal tunnel syndrome Surgical versus non‐surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgery vs splint Pain ‐ Long‐term improvement: > 3 months · people with carpal tunnel syndrome Surgical versus non‐surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravenous immunoglobulin vs prednisolone Change in mean disability score at 24 weeks or later · patients with CIDP Intravenous immunoglobulin for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravenous immunoglobulin vs plasma exchange Significant improvement in disability within 6 weeks · people with CIDP Intravenous immunoglobulin for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravenous immunoglobulin vs plasma exchange Change in mean disability score on Rankin scale · people with CIDP Intravenous immunoglobulin for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravenous immunoglobulin vs plasma exchange Change in mean disability score at 24 weeks or later · people with CIDP Intravenous immunoglobulin for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ high‐dose azithromycin vs low‐dose azithromycin Adverse events · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ high‐dose azithromycin vs low‐dose azithromycin Hospitalisations · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ high‐dose azithromycin vs low‐dose azithromycin New acquisition of CF pathogens: PA · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ high‐dose azithromycin vs low‐dose azithromycin Need for additional antibiotics · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ high‐dose azithromycin vs low‐dose azithromycin QoL · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ nebulised azithromycin vs oral azithromycin Pulmonary exacerbations: time to next exacerbation · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ nebulised azithromycin vs oral azithromycin Hospitalisations · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ nebulised azithromycin vs oral azithromycin Need for additional antibiotics · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ weekly azithromycin vs daily azithromycin New acquisition of CF pathogens: PA · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ weekly azithromycin vs daily azithromycin Need for additional antibiotics · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |