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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
726 questions in 98 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth
current versionsNo studies 726 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Exercise vs control Postnatal depression ‐ not measured · pregnant women with gestational diabetes Exercise for pregnant women with gestational diabetes for improving maternal and fetal outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise vs control Large‐for‐gestational age ‐ not reported · pregnant women with gestational diabetes Exercise for pregnant women with gestational diabetes for improving maternal and fetal outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Healthcare professional‐led breastfeeding education and support vs standard care Early initiation of breastfeeding · women exposed to interventions intended to promote breastfeeding Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multivitamin plus iron plus folate vs iron plus folate Any adverse effects · pregnant women Vitamin supplementation for preventing miscarriage (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin A plus iron plus folate vs iron plus folate Any adverse effects · pregnant women Vitamin supplementation for preventing miscarriage (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CSII vs MDI: infant outcomes Adiposity (infant) · infants of pregnant women with diabetes Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CSII vs MDI: infant outcomes Neurosensory disability · infants of pregnant women with diabetes Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CSII vs MDI: infant outcomes Large‐for‐gestational age · infants of pregnant women with diabetes Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CSII vs MDI: infant outcomes Neonatal hypoglycaemia · infants of pregnant women with diabetes Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Non‐exclusive breastfeeding (water or glucose water) vs exclusive breastfeeding Confidence in breastfeeding (maternal or of those influencing the mother) · healthy breastfeeding full‐term infants Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full‐term infants (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Non‐exclusive breastfeeding (foods) vs exclusive breastfeeding Duration of breastfeeding (at different time points) · healthy breastfeeding full‐term infants Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full‐term infants (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Non‐exclusive breastfeeding (foods) vs exclusive breastfeeding Confidence in breastfeeding (maternal or of those influencing the mother) · healthy breastfeeding full‐term infants Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full‐term infants (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Non‐exclusive breastfeeding (artificial milk) vs exclusive breastfeeding Weight change · healthy breastfeeding full‐term infants Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full‐term infants (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison between rooming‐in vs separate care Duration of any breastfeeding · 176 healthy mother‐infant dyads after normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (rooming‐in: 132, separate care: 44) Rooming‐in for new mother and infant versus separate care for increasing the duration of breastfeeding (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison between rooming‐in vs separate care Proportion of women exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months · 176 healthy mother‐infant dyads after normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (rooming‐in: 132, separate care: 44) Rooming‐in for new mother and infant versus separate care for increasing the duration of breastfeeding (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison between rooming‐in vs separate care Maternal level of confidence in breastfeeding · 176 healthy mother‐infant dyads after normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (rooming‐in: 132, separate care: 44) Rooming‐in for new mother and infant versus separate care for increasing the duration of breastfeeding (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison between rooming‐in vs separate care Neonatal infection · 176 healthy mother‐infant dyads after normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (rooming‐in: 132, separate care: 44) Rooming‐in for new mother and infant versus separate care for increasing the duration of breastfeeding (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Restriction of pacifier use vs no restriction Duration of full or exclusive breastfeeding · healthy full‐term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Restriction of pacifier use vs no restriction Breastfeeding difficulties · healthy full‐term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Restriction of pacifier use vs no restriction Maternal satisfaction and level of confidence in parenting · healthy full‐term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Restriction of pacifier use vs no restriction Infant otitis media · healthy full‐term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Restriction of pacifier use vs no restriction Infant dental malocclusion · healthy full‐term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very tight vs tight‐moderate glycaemic control (maternal outcomes) Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very tight vs tight‐moderate glycaemic control (infant outcomes) Neonatal hypoglycaemia · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very tight vs tight‐moderate glycaemic control (infant outcomes) Childhood/adulthood adiposity · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very tight vs tight‐moderate glycaemic control (infant outcomes) Childhood/adulthood diabetes · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very tight vs tight‐moderate glycaemic control (infant outcomes) Childhood/adulthood neurosensory disability · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight vs moderate glycaemic control (maternal outcomes) Perineal trauma · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight vs moderate glycaemic control (maternal outcomes) Gestational weight gain · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight vs moderate glycaemic control (maternal outcomes) Postnatal depression · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight vs moderate glycaemic control (maternal outcomes) Induction of labour · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight vs moderate glycaemic control (maternal outcomes) Later development of cardiovascular disease · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight vs moderate glycaemic control (infant outcomes) Serious perinatal morbidity · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight vs moderate glycaemic control (infant outcomes) Neonatal hypoglycaemia · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight vs moderate glycaemic control (infant outcomes) Childhood/adulthood adiposity · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight vs moderate glycaemic control (infant outcomes) Childhood/adulthood diabetes · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight vs moderate glycaemic control (infant outcomes) Childhood/adulthood neurosensory disability · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very tight vs tight‐moderate glycaemic control (maternal outcomes) Perineal trauma · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight‐moderate vs loose glycaemic control (maternal outcomes) Perineal trauma · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight‐moderate vs loose glycaemic control (maternal outcomes) Gestational weight gain · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight‐moderate vs loose glycaemic control (maternal outcomes) Postnatal depression · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight‐moderate vs loose glycaemic control (maternal outcomes) Induction of labour · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight‐moderate vs loose glycaemic control (maternal outcomes) Later development of cardiovascular disease · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight‐moderate vs loose glycaemic control (infant outcomes) Serious perinatal morbidity · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight‐moderate vs loose glycaemic control (infant outcomes) Neonatal hypoglycaemia · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight‐moderate vs loose glycaemic control (infant outcomes) Childhood/adulthood adiposity · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight‐moderate vs loose glycaemic control (infant outcomes) Childhood/adulthood diabetes · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tight‐moderate vs loose glycaemic control (infant outcomes) Childhood/adulthood neurosensory disability · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very tight vs tight‐moderate glycaemic control (maternal outcomes) Postnatal depression · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very tight vs tight‐moderate glycaemic control (maternal outcomes) Induction of labour · pregnant women with pre‐existing type 1 diabetes Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |