Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
726 questions in 98 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth
current versionsNo studies 726 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Transcervical vs transabdominal chorionic villus sampling Delivery before 33 weeks · prenatal diagnosis Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Second trimester amniocentesis vs control Sampling failure · prenatal diagnosis Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Second trimester amniocentesis vs control Known false negative after birth · prenatal diagnosis Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Second trimester amniocentesis vs control Delivery before 33 weeks · prenatal diagnosis Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Low‐moderate GI diet vs moderate‐high GI diet (neonatal/child/adulthood outcomes) Perinatal mortality · pregnant women with GDM Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Low‐moderate GI diet vs moderate‐high GI diet (neonatal/child/adulthood outcomes) Neonatal mortality or morbidity composite · pregnant women with GDM Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Low‐moderate GI diet vs moderate‐high GI diet (neonatal/child/adulthood outcomes) Neonatal hypoglycaemia · pregnant women with GDM Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Low‐moderate GI diet vs moderate‐high GI diet (neonatal/child/adulthood outcomes) Childhood/adulthood neurosensory disability · pregnant women with GDM Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Low‐moderate GI diet vs moderate‐high GI diet (neonatal/child/adulthood outcomes) Childhood/adulthood adiposity · pregnant women with GDM Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Low‐moderate GI diet vs moderate‐high GI diet (neonatal/child/adulthood outcomes) Childhood/adulthood type 2 diabetes mellitus · pregnant women with GDM Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Energy‐restricted diet vs no energy‐restricted diet (maternal outcomes) Perineal trauma · pregnant women with GDM Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Energy‐restricted diet vs no energy‐restricted diet (maternal outcomes) Type 2 diabetes mellitus · pregnant women with GDM Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Energy‐restricted diet vs no energy‐restricted diet (maternal outcomes) Postnatal depression · pregnant women with GDM Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Energy‐restricted diet vs no energy‐restricted diet (maternal outcomes) Postnatal weight retention or return to pre‐pregnancy weight · pregnant women with GDM Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Energy‐restricted diet vs no energy‐restricted diet (neonatal/child/adulthood outcomes) Neonatal mortality or morbidity composite · pregnant women with GDM Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Energy‐restricted diet vs no energy‐restricted diet (neonatal/child/adulthood outcomes) Childhood/adulthood neurosensory disability · pregnant women with GDM Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Energy‐restricted diet vs no energy‐restricted diet (neonatal/child/adulthood outcomes) Childhood/adulthood adiposity · pregnant women with GDM Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Energy‐restricted diet vs no energy‐restricted diet (neonatal/child/adulthood outcomes) Childhood/adulthood type 2 diabetes mellitus · pregnant women with GDM Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Low‐moderate GI diet vs moderate‐high GI diet (maternal outcomes) Perineal trauma · pregnant women with GDM Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Low‐moderate GI diet vs moderate‐high GI diet (maternal outcomes) Type 2 diabetes mellitus · pregnant women with GDM Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Low‐moderate GI diet vs moderate‐high GI diet (maternal outcomes) Postnatal depression · pregnant women with GDM Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Low‐moderate GI diet vs moderate‐high GI diet (maternal outcomes) Postnatal weight retention or return to pre‐pregnancy weight · pregnant women with GDM Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vaginal PGE2 vs intravenous (IV) oxytocin Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · women with one previous lower segment caesarean section and requiring labour induction due to prolonged pregnancy or… Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vaginal misoprostol vs intravenous (IV) oxytocin Serious maternal morbidity or death · women with a previous caesarean section Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Foley catheter vs intravenous (IV) oxytocin Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death · pregnant women with a previous low transverse caesarean section, singleton live pregnancy with cephalic presentation,… Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Foley catheter vs intravenous (IV) oxytocin Serious maternal morbidity or death · pregnant women with a previous low transverse caesarean section, singleton live pregnancy with cephalic presentation,… Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Double‐balloon catheter vs vaginal PGE2 Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · women with a previous caesarean section (subgroup of all women in the study) with intact fetal membranes, cephalic… Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Double‐balloon catheter vs vaginal PGE2 Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · women with a previous caesarean section (subgroup of all women in the study) with intact fetal membranes, cephalic… Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Double‐balloon catheter vs vaginal PGE2 Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death · women with a previous caesarean section (subgroup of all women in the study) with intact fetal membranes, cephalic… Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vaginal PGE2 vs intravenous (IV) oxytocin Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · women with one previous lower segment caesarean section and requiring labour induction due to prolonged pregnancy or… Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Double‐balloon catheter vs vaginal PGE2 Serious maternal morbidity or death · women with a previous caesarean section (subgroup of all women in the study) with intact fetal membranes, cephalic… Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral mifepristone vs Foley catheter Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · pregnant women, 40 weeks' gestation, single cephalic presentation, 1 previous low segment caesarean section Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral mifepristone vs Foley catheter Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · pregnant women, 40 weeks' gestation, single cephalic presentation, 1 previous low segment caesarean section Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral mifepristone vs Foley catheter Caesarean section · pregnant women, 40 weeks' gestation, single cephalic presentation, 1 previous low segment caesarean section Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral mifepristone vs Foley catheter Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death · pregnant women, 40 weeks' gestation, single cephalic presentation, 1 previous low segment caesarean section Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral mifepristone vs Foley catheter Serious maternal morbidity or death · pregnant women, 40 weeks' gestation, single cephalic presentation, 1 previous low segment caesarean section Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vaginal isosorbide mononitrate vs Foley catheter Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · pregnant women with 1 previous lower segment caesarean section at 37 weeks and beyond, with a BS of ≤ 6, intact… Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vaginal isosorbide mononitrate vs Foley catheter Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death · pregnant women with 1 previous lower segment caesarean section at 37 weeks and beyond, with a BS of ≤ 6, intact… Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vaginal isosorbide mononitrate vs Foley catheter Serious maternal morbidity or death · pregnant women with 1 previous lower segment caesarean section at 37 weeks and beyond, with a BS of ≤ 6, intact… Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
80 mL vs 30 mL Foley catheter Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · pregnant women who previously had a lower segment CS and now have a singleton cephalic presentation after at least 36… Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
80 mL vs 30 mL Foley catheter Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death · pregnant women who previously had a lower segment CS and now have a singleton cephalic presentation after at least 36… Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
80 mL vs 30 mL Foley catheter Serious maternal morbidity or death · pregnant women who previously had a lower segment CS and now have a singleton cephalic presentation after at least 36… Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vaginal PGE2 pessary vs vaginal PGE2 tablet Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · women with a previous caesarean section, a live singleton fetus (37‐42 weeks of gestation) in cephalic presentation… Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vaginal PGE2 pessary vs vaginal PGE2 tablet Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · women with a previous caesarean section, a live singleton fetus (37‐42 weeks of gestation) in cephalic presentation… Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vaginal PGE2 pessary vs vaginal PGE2 tablet Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death · women with a previous caesarean section, a live singleton fetus (37‐42 weeks of gestation) in cephalic presentation… Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vaginal PGE2 pessary vs vaginal PGE2 tablet Serious maternal morbidity or death · women with a previous caesarean section, a live singleton fetus (37‐42 weeks of gestation) in cephalic presentation… Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vaginal misoprostol vs intravenous (IV) oxytocin Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · women with a previous caesarean section Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vaginal misoprostol vs intravenous (IV) oxytocin Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · women with a previous caesarean section Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vaginal misoprostol vs intravenous (IV) oxytocin Caesarean section · women with a previous caesarean section Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vaginal misoprostol vs intravenous (IV) oxytocin Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death · women with a previous caesarean section Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |