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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
142 questions in 28 reviews · cluster CL0290
current versionsNo studies 24 · 16.9%Ungraded 78 · 54.9%Very low 22 · 15.5%Low 7 · 4.9%Moderate 6 · 4.2%High 5 · 3.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Clarithromycin + SRP vs SRP Percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults with periodontitis (chronic and aggressive) · Short-term (≤ 3 months) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | MD -3.00 [-6.69, 0.69] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Clindamycin + SRP vs Metronidazole + SRP Percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs Clarithromycin + SRP Percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Short-term (≤ 3 months) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | MD 5.40 [-0.12, 10.92] | 1 study · 46 participants | Ungraded |
Amoxicillin + clavulanate + SRP vs SRP Percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults with chronic periodontitis · Intermediate-term (> 3 months to < 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | MD -0.10 [-0.19, -0.01] | 1 study · 21 participants | Ungraded |
Tetracycline + SRP vs SRP Percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Short-term (≤ 3 months) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | MD -14.62 [-27.21, -2.03] | 1 study · 38 participants | Ungraded |
Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) Number of minor postoperative bleeding episodes · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… (2019) · Cochrane | This outcome was not reported in either of the trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) Major bleeding, requiring transfusion of packed red blood cells · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… (2019) · Cochrane | Only reported in the Walsh (EACA) trial: in none of the 31 included participants was blood transfusion required. | 1 study · 31 participants | Ungraded |
Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) Bleeding duration · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… (2019) · Cochrane | This outcome was not reported in either of the trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) Any postoperative complication except bleeding (such as wound infection) · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… (2019) · Cochrane | This outcome was not reported in either of the trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) Number of postoperative bleeding episodes requiring intervention · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions · Up to 10 days postoperative Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… (2019) · Cochrane | RD -0.57 [-0.76, -0.37] | 2 studies · 59 participants | Moderate |
Hyperbaric oxygen (following replantation) vs Control Periodontal healing at 12 months · People with avulsed and replanted permanent (front) teeth · 12 months Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.04 [1.52, 2.73] | 1 study · 69 participants | Very low |
Thymosin alpha 1 (10-minute soak prior to replantation) vs Control (saline) Periodontal healing at 48 months · People with avulsed and replanted permanent (front) teeth · 48 months Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted (2019) · Cochrane | RR 5.60 [2.22, 14.11] | 1 study · 73 participants | Very low |
Ledermix root canal medicament (day 0 to 10) vs Ultracal root canal medicament (day 7 to 10) Periodontal healing at 12 months (tooth level) · People with avulsed and replanted permanent (front) teeth · 12 months Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.67 [0.80, 3.49] | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) Number of immediate (less than 24 hours) and delayed (24 hours to 10 days) postoperative bleeding episodes requiring intervention · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions · Immediate (<24 h) and delayed (24 h to 10 days) Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… (2019) · Cochrane | This outcome was not reported in either of the trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Planned, regular routine scale and polish (6-monthly; 12-monthly parallel) vs No scheduled scale and polish treatment Gingivitis · Dentate adults without severe periodontitis, regularly attending for dental care in primary care (UK general dental… · 24 to 36 months, 6-monthly (12-monthly parallel) Routine scale and polish for periodontal health in adults (2018) · Cochrane | SMD -0.01 [-0.13, 0.11] | 2 studies · 1087 participants | High |
Altered-cast impression technique (ACIP), polyether vs One-piece cast technique (OPC), polyether Operator-assessed gingival health of abutment · Partially edentulous people requiring a tooth- and tissue-supported (distal-extension) removable partial denture · 1 year, left abutment Final‐impression techniques and materials for making complete and removable partial dentures (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.10 [0.46, 2.64] | 1 study | Very low |
Any surgical or non-surgical technique or material used for the treatment of post-extraction bleeding vs Another active intervention, placebo, or no treatment Bleeding, as measured by: amount of blood loss; complete cessation of bleeding as assessed clinically by the investigator; time required for the control of bleeding · People of any age and either gender with post-extraction bleeding, regardless of type of teeth (anterior or posterior,… Interventions for treating post‐extraction bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | No data are available as no RCTs have been conducted on interventions to treat post-extraction bleeding | 0 studies | No studies |
SPT performed by non-specialist clinicians (general dental practitioners under specialist prescription) vs SPT performed by specialists (specialist practice) Bleeding on probing (%) · Adults treated for periodontitis and receiving supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) · 12 months Supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) for maintaining the dentition in adults treated for periodontitis (2018) · Cochrane | MD 7.40 [-8.12, 22.92] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Orthodontic treatment without extraction of permanent teeth vs Orthodontic treatment involving extraction of permanent teeth Gingival and TMJ symptoms · Children (80% aged <= 16 years) with a Class II division 2 malocclusion (deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth) Orthodontic treatment for deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Self-management (self-administered/self-monitored OHA) vs Professional OHA Periodontal health: gingivitis · Children or adults (fit and healthy, or with a well-defined medical condition) · 2 to 6 months One‐to‐one oral hygiene advice provided in a dental setting for oral health (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: 2 studies reported no significant differences but no usable data; 1 study showed little or no difference at 3 months; 1 study in adults with hyposalivation gave weak evidence of a benefit in gingivitis for… | 4 studies · 181 participants | Very low |
EMP + CAF vs CAF Gingival recession depth change (short and medium term) · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short and medium term (6 to 24 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | MD 0.32 [0.10, 0.55] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Mechanical debridement plus local antimicrobial (minocycline microspheres or doxycycline gel) vs Mechanical debridement alone Bleeding on probing (ratios) · Adults treated for periodontitis and receiving supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) · 12 months Supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) for maintaining the dentition in adults treated for periodontitis (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.45 [0.14, 1.52] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
GTR rm associated with bone substitutes + CAF vs GTR rm + CAF Gingival recession depth change · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | MD 0.48 [0.09, 0.88] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
GTR rm + CAF vs SCTG + CAF Gingival recession change · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | MD -0.37 [-0.60, -0.13] | 3 studies · 98 participants | Low |
ADMG + CAF vs CAF Gingival recession depth change · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | MD 0.61 [-0.52, 1.73] | 2 studies · 50 participants | Low |
Altered-cast impression technique (ACIP), polyether vs One-piece cast technique (OPC), polyether Operator-assessed gingival health of abutment · Partially edentulous people requiring a tooth- and tissue-supported (distal-extension) removable partial denture · 1 year, right abutment Final‐impression techniques and materials for making complete and removable partial dentures (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.56, 1.98] | 1 study | Very low |
GTR rm + CAF vs GTR nrm + CAF Gingival recession depth change · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | MD 0.23 [-0.22, 0.68] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Personalised one-to-one OHA vs Routine one-to-one OHA Periodontal health: gingivitis · Children or adults (fit and healthy, or with a well-defined medical condition) · 2 to 36 months One‐to‐one oral hygiene advice provided in a dental setting for oral health (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: 1 large study showed little or no difference at 36 months; 1 study showed a benefit for personalised OHA at 3 and 12 months; 1 study in children reported 'statistically significant (P < 0.05) improvement' but no… | 4 studies · 1635 participants | Very low |
Orthodontic treatment without extraction of permanent teeth (removable, fixed, or functional braces, or headgear) vs No treatment (or delayed treatment) Gingival and TMJ symptoms · Children (80% aged <= 16 years) with a Class II division 2 malocclusion (deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth) Orthodontic treatment for deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
ADMG + CAF vs SCTG + CAF Gingival recession change · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | MD -0.36 [-1.03, 0.30] | 4 studies · 100 participants | Low |
GTR rm associated with bone substitutes + CAF vs SCTG + CAF Gingival recession depth change · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | MD -0.82 [-2.13, 0.49] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
XCM + CAF vs CAF Gingival recession depth change · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | MD 0.40 [0.11, 0.68] | 2 studies · 104 participants | Low |
Enhanced one-to-one OHA vs One-to-one OHA (standard) Periodontal health: gingivitis · Children or adults (fit and healthy, or with a well-defined medical condition) · 2 to 12 months One‐to‐one oral hygiene advice provided in a dental setting for oral health (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: 2 studies did not report usable data; 1 study gave low-quality evidence of a benefit in gingivitis reduction at 5.5 months for enhanced OHA; 3 studies found little or no difference across all time points. Results:… | 5 studies · 430 participants | Very low |
Routine scale and polish provided by a dentist vs Routine scale and polish provided by a dental care professional (dental therapist or hygienist) Gingivitis · Dentate adults without severe periodontitis, regularly attending for dental care in primary care (UK general dental… Routine scale and polish for periodontal health in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Enhanced one-to-one OHA vs One-to-one OHA (standard) Periodontal health: plaque levels · Children or adults (fit and healthy, or with a well-defined medical condition) · 2 to 12 months One‐to‐one oral hygiene advice provided in a dental setting for oral health (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: 2 studies did not report usable data; 1 study gave low-quality evidence of a benefit in plaque reduction at 5.5 months for enhanced OHA; 3 studies found little or no difference; 1 study gave weak evidence of a… | 6 studies · 440 participants | Very low |
EMP + CAF vs CAF Gingival recession depth change · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | MD 0.07 [-0.25, 0.40] | 3 studies · 136 participants | Low |
Routine scale and polish every 6 months vs Routine scale and polish every 12 months Gingivitis · Dentate adults without severe periodontitis, regularly attending for dental care in primary care (UK general dental… · 24 to 36 months Routine scale and polish for periodontal health in adults (2018) · Cochrane | SMD 0.03 [-0.09, 0.15] | 2 studies · 1090 participants | High |
PRF + CAF vs SCTG + CAF Gingival recession depth change · Adult patients with multiple recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | MD -0.01 [-0.89, 0.86] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Personalised one-to-one OHA vs Routine one-to-one OHA Periodontal health: plaque levels · Children or adults (fit and healthy, or with a well-defined medical condition) · 2 to 12 months One‐to‐one oral hygiene advice provided in a dental setting for oral health (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: 1 study showed a benefit for personalised OHA at 3 and 12 months; 1 study in children reported 'statistically significant (P < 0.05) improvement' but no usable data; 1 study showed little or no difference at 3… | 3 studies · 308 participants | Very low |
Self-management (self-administered/self-monitored OHA) vs Professional OHA Periodontal health: plaque levels · Children or adults (fit and healthy, or with a well-defined medical condition) · 2 to 6 months One‐to‐one oral hygiene advice provided in a dental setting for oral health (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: 2 studies reported no significant differences but no usable data; 1 study gave weak evidence of a benefit in plaque reduction at 3 months for self-management; 1 study in adults with hyposalivation gave very weak… | 4 studies · 181 participants | Very low |
EMP + CAF vs SCTG + CAF Gingival recession change · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | MD -0.39 [-1.27, 0.48] | 2 studies · 62 participants | Very low |
Open surgical exposure vs Closed surgical exposure Gum health: midbuccal gingival recession (mm) · People with maxillary palatally displaced (impacted) canines, unilateral or bilateral (children/adolescents; mean ages… · 3 months post-debond Open versus closed surgical exposure of canine teeth that are displaced in the roof of the mouth (2017) · Cochrane | MD -0.02 [-0.21, 0.16] | 2 studies · 105 participants | Ungraded |
Metal-free implant-supported FDPs (zirconia-toughened alumina; In-Ceram Zirconia) vs Metal-free implant-supported FDPs (yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia; Denzir) Periodontal/peri-implant status (secondary outcomes) · Adults (18 years or older) needing an implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis in the posterior region Metal‐free materials for fixed prosthodontic restorations (2017) · Cochrane | No data were presented for any of the pre-specified secondary outcomes. Follow-up visits registered pocket depth, bleeding on probing and mobility but the data were not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Open surgical exposure vs Closed surgical exposure Gum health: periodontal probing depth · People with maxillary palatally displaced (impacted) canines, unilateral or bilateral (children/adolescents; mean ages… · 3 months post-debond Open versus closed surgical exposure of canine teeth that are displaced in the roof of the mouth (2017) · Cochrane | MD -0.14 [-0.48, 0.20] | 1 study · 43 participants | Ungraded |
Metal-free cantilevered FDPs (feldspathic-veneered zirconia) vs Metal-ceramic cantilevered FDPs Gingival index (GI) · Adults (18 years or older) needing replacement of one premolar or incisor with a cantilevered fixed dental prosthesis · 24 months Metal‐free materials for fixed prosthodontic restorations (2017) · Cochrane | MD 0.03 [-0.75, 0.81] | 1 study · 19 participants | Ungraded |
Metal-free implant abutments (zirconia) vs Metal implant abutments (titanium) Gingival/mucosal recession (REC) · Adults (18 years or older) with one missing tooth in the aesthetic zone needing an implant-supported single crown on… · 12 months Metal‐free materials for fixed prosthodontic restorations (2017) · Cochrane | MD 0.00 [-0.22, 0.22] | 2 studies · 47 participants | Ungraded |
Metal-free tooth-supported FDPs (pressed veneering ceramic) vs Metal-free tooth-supported FDPs (layered veneering ceramic) Periodontal/peri-implant status (secondary outcomes) · Adults (18 years or older) needing a three-unit tooth-supported fixed dental prosthesis Metal‐free materials for fixed prosthodontic restorations (2017) · Cochrane | No comparative data were presented for the pre-specified secondary outcomes. The trial analyzed and reported plaque index, bleeding on probing and pocket probing depth but no between-group estimate was presented in the… | 1 study | Ungraded |
Open surgical exposure vs Closed surgical exposure Gum health: bleeding on probing (Papilla Bleeding Index) · People with maxillary palatally displaced (impacted) canines, unilateral or bilateral (children/adolescents; mean ages… · 3 months post-debond Open versus closed surgical exposure of canine teeth that are displaced in the roof of the mouth (2017) · Cochrane | MD 0.21 [-0.14, 0.56] | 1 study · 43 participants | Ungraded |
Metal-free FDPs (zirconia ceramic) vs Metal-ceramic FDPs Periodontal/peri-implant status (secondary outcomes) · Adults (18 years or older) needing a three-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) Metal‐free materials for fixed prosthodontic restorations (2017) · Cochrane | No data were presented for any of the pre-specified secondary outcomes. The trial registered pocket depth, bleeding on probing and mobility at follow-up visits but did not report the data. | 0 studies | No studies |
Open surgical exposure vs Closed surgical exposure Gum health: gingival recession (six-point probing) · People with maxillary palatally displaced (impacted) canines, unilateral or bilateral (children/adolescents; mean ages… · 3 months post-debond Open versus closed surgical exposure of canine teeth that are displaced in the roof of the mouth (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.19 [0.01, 3.76] | 1 study · 43 participants | Ungraded |