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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first. Each row links to its question's own page, which gathers every review that asked it, however worded; see the questions asked by more than one review.
3,358 questions in 190 reviews · cluster CL0289
current versionsNo studies 599 · 17.8%Ungraded 1,759 · 52.4%Very low 612 · 18.2%Low 269 · 8%Moderate 107 · 3.2%High 12 · 0.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pain at 7 days · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or… · 7 days Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.05 [-0.41, 0.30] | 1 study · 41 participants | Very low |
Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure · >=12 months Efficacy of pulpotomy for permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis… (2024) | OR 1.44 [0.65, 3.19] | 2 studies · 248 participants | Ungraded |
ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment (9 to 15 months) Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 3.60 [2.68, 4.52] | 5 studies · 197 participants | Ungraded |
Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · Less than 3 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD -3.60 [-5.17, -2.03] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Joint pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) · Short term, Osteoarthritis / mixed TMD Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.87 [0.57, 6.07] | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Pain day 1 · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) · 7 to 14 days Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | MD 2.68 [-1.38, 6.75] | 2 studies · 127 participants | Low |
Recurrence rate · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 1 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. Recurrence rate was not reported in any included study across the whole review. | 0 studies | No studies |
Swelling at 72 hours · Adults with symptomatic apical periodontitis (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement) · 72 hours Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults (2024) · Cochrane | No data available for this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Percussion pain at 48 hours · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or… · 48 hours Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.09 [-0.44, 0.62] | 1 study · 41 participants | Ungraded |
Overjet · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.22 [-0.68, 1.12] | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 3.81 [3.24, 4.38] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Severity of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 4 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Alignment rate · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) · 5 to 10 weeks Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | Conventional NiTi vs superelastic NiTi (O'Brien 1990; Ong 2011); not pooled due to clinical heterogeneity; little or no difference in alignment rate | 2 studies · 124 participants | Low |
ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.75 [-1.49, -0.01] | 1 study · 32 participants | Ungraded |
Muscle pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) · Short term (mean 4.4 weeks), Myofascial pain TMD Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.19 [-1.25, 0.87] | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · Less than 3 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD 5.38 [-2.24, 13.00] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis and carious pulp exposure (treated with full pulpotomy) · >=12 months Efficacy of pulpotomy for permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis… (2024) | OR 1.67 [0.59, 4.72] | 2 studies · 70 participants | Ungraded |
Severity of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 5 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Difficulty in mouth opening (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | OR 0.00 [0.00, 0.02] | 1 study · 100 participants | Ungraded |
Frequency of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 5 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Discomfort · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 3 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure · >=12 months Efficacy of pulpotomy for permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis… (2024) | OR 0.78 [0.46, 1.34] | 4 studies · 611 participants | Ungraded |
Difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | OR 0.24 [0.10, 0.60] | 2 studies · 220 participants | Ungraded |
Self-reported joint pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) · Short term (10 weeks), Mixed TMD Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.88 [0.94, 3.75] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Alignment rate · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) · 8 to 12 weeks Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | Superelastic NiTi (Sentalloy) vs TiNbTaZr (Gummetal) (Nordstrom 2018); LII change over 8 to 12 weeks; no clear difference (ANOVA P=0.6938) | 1 study · 28 participants | Ungraded |
Wits appraisal · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 4.87 [4.53, 5.20] | 1 study · 50 participants | Ungraded |
ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 1.29 [0.16, 2.42] | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Alignment rate · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) · 8 weeks Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | Four-arm study of different coated superelastic NiTi wires (Ulhaq 2017); reduction in LII over 8 weeks; no difference between the four groups (ANOVA P=0.627) | 1 study | Ungraded |
Alignment rate · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) · 6 weeks to 6 months Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | Multistrand StSt versus other materials (conventional StSt, superelastic NiTi, thermoelastic NiTi); alignment rate not pooled due to clinical heterogeneity (Cobb 1998; Evans 1998; Quintao 2005; West 1995); results… | 4 studies · 281 participants | Very low |
Wits appraisal · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD -1.85 [-3.18, -0.52] | 1 study · 26 participants | Ungraded |
ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.35 [-0.78, 0.07] | 4 studies · 143 participants | Low |
Burning sensation (VAS 0-100) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · 3 to 6 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD 8.61 [-4.52, 21.74] | 3 studies · 98 participants | Very low |
Enamel mineral content · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment · 1 day, 2 months, and 6 months after bonding, Fixed orthodontic treatment Can Orthodontic Adhesive Systems Inhibit the Formation and Development of White Spot Lesions During Fixed… (2024) | There were no significant differences in enamel mineral content between the experimental group and control group at all time points. | 1 study · 24 participants | Ungraded |
Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure · >=12 months Efficacy of pulpotomy for permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis… (2024) | OR 1.02 [0.43, 2.43] | 3 studies · 109 participants | Ungraded |
Pain day 1 · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) · 7 days Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | MD 6.96 [1.82, 12.10] | 3 studies · 94 participants | Moderate |
Burning sensation (VAS 0-100) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · 3 to 6 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD -46.00 [-53.44, -38.56] | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Somatisation · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) · Short term, Disc displacement with reduction (DDwR) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.18 [-0.45, 0.09] | 1 study · 60 participants | Ungraded |
Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · Less than 3 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD 1.80 [1.02, 2.58] | 1 study · 106 participants | Low |
Wits appraisal · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.28 [-1.08, 1.64] | 1 study · 35 participants | Ungraded |
Burning sensation (VAS 0-100) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · 3 to 6 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD -16.30 [-28.15, -4.45] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Root resorption · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | Root resorption: not reported | 0 studies | No studies |
Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | Singh 2010 (hydrocortisone+hyaluronidase 50 vs triamcinolone+hyaluronidase 50): mouth opening reported categorically (trismus) rather than as continuous data, precluding quantitative analysis; authors found no… | 1 study · 100 participants | Ungraded |
ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.11 [-1.29, 1.07] | 1 study · 34 participants | Ungraded |
Overjet · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.96 [-0.12, 2.04] | 4 studies · 136 participants | Very low |
Number of paracetamol (acetaminophen) with codeine tablets required · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or… · 7 days Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.31 [-3.94, 3.32] | 1 study · 41 participants | Ungraded |
ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · 1-year follow-up Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 1.77 [1.58, 1.96] | 1 study · 38 participants | Ungraded |
Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | Sudarshan 2012 (topical aloe vera 10 vs antioxidant capsules 10): reported improvement in interincisal distance but no baseline data, so change could not be determined; excluded from meta-analysis. | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Severity of oral/mucosal burning pain/sensation · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | Rajendran 2006 concluded the intervention reduced pain, but pain intensity evaluations were inadequately defined and from interview data, making mean scores difficult to interpret. | 1 study · 29 participants | Ungraded |
ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.55 [-0.40, 1.50] | 1 study · 35 participants | Ungraded |
Overjet · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 5.54 [4.40, 6.68] | 1 study · 22 participants | Ungraded |