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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first.
3,358 questions in 190 reviews · cluster CL0289
current versionsNo studies 599 · 17.8%Ungraded 1,759 · 52.4%Very low 612 · 18.2%Low 269 · 8%Moderate 107 · 3.2%High 12 · 0.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Occlusal splint vs Physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training, laser, TENS, manual therapy) Joint pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) · Short term (6 weeks), Disc displacement without reduction (DDwoR) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.47, 1.57] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Remineralizing orthodontic adhesives vs Control orthodontic adhesives Ion release · Human teeth with early enamel lesions surrounding orthodontic brackets · 14 days to 6 months, In vitro cariogenic-challenge models Remineralization and anti-demineralization effect of orthodontic adhesives on enamel surrounding orthodontic… (2024) | no estimate extracted | 8 studies | Ungraded |
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH) Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure · >=12 months Asked by 2 reviewsEfficacy of pulpotomy for permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis… (2024) | OR 2.41 [1.28, 4.51] | 7 studies · 377 participants | Low |
Facemask with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) vs Reverse Twin Block with lip pads and rapid maxillary expander (RME) ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD -1.04 [-2.07, -0.01] | 1 study · 26 participants | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management) Frequency of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 4 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Facemask (RME) or modified facemask vs Surgically-anchored appliance (miniscrews or miniplates) Perceived need for surgery in adulthood · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | SoF4: Perceived need for surgery in adulthood - Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
Single preoperative dose of systemic antibiotics (clindamycin 600 mg), total chemo-mechanical debridement and root filling vs Matched placebo, total chemo-mechanical debridement and root filling Analgesic use · Adults with symptomatic apical periodontitis (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement) · 7 days Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.48, 1.55] | 1 study · 72 participants | Ungraded |
Intralesional triamcinolone vs Intralesional triamcinolone plus salvianolic acid B Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · More than 6 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD -2.38 [-5.64, 0.88] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Vasodilators (isoxsuprine, xanthinol nicotinate) vs Placebo or no active treatment Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · Less than 3 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD 2.51 [-0.99, 6.01] | 2 studies · 85 participants | Very low |
Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management) Recurrence rate · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 4 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Non-surgical orthodontic treatment (any: facemask, chin cup, tandem traction bow, mandibular headgear, ORTA, reverse Twin Block, Reverse Forsus) vs No treatment ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment (9 to 15 months) Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 3.05 [2.40, 3.71] | 8 studies · 345 participants | Moderate |
Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics Percussion pain at 7 days · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or… · 7 days Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.06 [-0.29, 0.41] | 1 study · 41 participants | Ungraded |
Intralesional dexamethasone injections vs Placebo injections Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · 3 to 6 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD -2.10 [-6.77, 2.57] | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Intralesional dexamethasone injections vs Placebo injections Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · Less than 3 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD -1.80 [-6.30, 2.70] | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Facemask with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) vs Reverse Forsus Overjet · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.46 [-0.90, 1.82] | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Surgery plus Heister jaw opener vs Surgery plus wooden tongue depressors Burning sensation (VAS 0-100) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | Vadepally 2019 measured burning sensation on a VAS but did not fully report results, stating there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (p=0.617). | 1 study · 50 participants | Ungraded |
Oxitard (antioxidant) vs Aloe vera gel Difficulty in speech (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · 3 to 6 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | OR 0.32 [0.14, 0.76] | 1 study · 120 participants | Ungraded |
Single-strand superelastic NiTi arch wire vs Coaxial superelastic NiTi arch wire Time to next/working arch wire · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported time to next/working arch wire | 0 studies | No studies |
Superelastic NiTi arch wire vs Conventional (stabilised) NiTi arch wire Time to next/working arch wire · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.40 [-0.10, 0.90] | 1 study · 88 participants | Ungraded |
Facemask vs Untreated control (no treatment) Self-esteem (Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score, OASIS) · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · 3-year follow-up Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD -3.40 [-7.99, 1.19] | 1 study · 63 participants | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs No treatment or placebo (non-occlusal or transparent-foil placebo splint) Frequency of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) · Short term (mean 10 weeks), Myofascial pain TMD Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.63, 2.20] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Pentoxifylline vs Placebo or no active treatment Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · 3 to 6 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.15 [-5.04, 4.74] | 2 studies · 136 participants | Very low |
Minimally invasive caries removal (MIT): selective removal to soft dentin, self-limiting chemomechanical removal, or partial/incomplete caries removal vs Conventional caries removal (CT): selective removal to firm dentin, stepwise excavation, or complete caries removal Restoration/treatment success rate · Patients with deep carious lesions in permanent (mainly posterior) teeth · 1 to 5 years (follow-up varied by study) Comparative Meta-Analysis of Minimally Invasive and Conventional Approaches for Caries Removal in Permanent… (2024) | Mean success-rate percentage (unweighted study-level mean, 7 studies) MIT 83.6% vs CT 75.4% (Mann-Whitney U = 0.2, p > 0.05; not statistically significant) | 7 studies · 1305 participants | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Another occlusal splint with a different mechanism of action Range of mandibular motion · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) · Short term (12 weeks), Mixed TMD Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.63 [-3.16, 4.42] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Orthodontic adhesives containing bioactive glass (BAG) particles/nanoparticles (including fluoride- or Ga-doped BAG) vs Conventional/control orthodontic adhesive (e.g., Transbond XT) or negative control Ion release (fluoride, calcium, phosphate) · Human enamel specimens around orthodontic brackets (in vitro) · 14 days [31] and 20 days [27,28] (per Discussion); ion-release durations for [23,24] not reported, In vitro (laboratory), Overall Remineralization and anti-demineralization effect of orthodontic adhesives on enamel surrounding orthodontic… (2024) | Ion release from BAG-containing adhesives was assessed in 5 studies [23, 24, 27, 28, 31]; a significant increase of phosphate ion release with gallium-doped bioactive glass nanoparticles up to 14 days was reported… | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Facemask vs Untreated control (no treatment) Overjet · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · 3-year follow-up Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 2.50 [1.21, 3.79] | 1 study · 63 participants | Moderate |
Facemask with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) vs Facemask only Overjet · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 1.86 [0.39, 3.33] | 1 study · 31 participants | Low |
Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) vs Placebo or no active treatment Participant satisfaction · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | The trials did not measure participant satisfaction. | 0 studies | No studies |
Superelastic NiTi arch wire vs Thermoelastic NiTi arch wire Alignment rate · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) · 4 to 16 weeks Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.28 [-0.62, 0.06] | 5 studies · 183 participants | Low |
Intralesional betamethasone vs Placebo Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | Goel 2015 (3-arm: intralesional betamethasone vs lycopene vs placebo, 90 per arm): appeared to show increased interincisal distance in both intervention groups vs placebo, but only between-group differences with no… | 1 study · 180 participants | Ungraded |
Intralesional triamcinolone vs Intralesional triamcinolone plus salvianolic acid B Burning sensation (VAS 0-100) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · Less than 3 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD -1.00 [-10.37, 8.37] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH) Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure · >=12 months, Irreversible pulpitis Asked by 2 reviewsEfficacy of pulpotomy for permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis… (2024) | OR 3.17 [1.25, 7.99] | NR | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Acupuncture Muscle pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 5 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Tandem traction bow appliance vs Untreated control (no treatment) Overjet · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 3.30 [2.46, 4.14] | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Biodentine Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure · >=12 months Efficacy of pulpotomy for permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis… (2024) | OR 0.89 [0.47, 1.69] | 6 studies · 348 participants | Low |
Facemask with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) vs Reverse Forsus ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 1.59 [0.80, 2.38] | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Single preoperative dose of systemic antibiotics (clindamycin 600 mg), total chemo-mechanical debridement and root filling vs Matched placebo, total chemo-mechanical debridement and root filling Pain at 72 hours · Adults with symptomatic apical periodontitis (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement) · 72 hours Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults (2024) · Cochrane | The median pain at 72 hours in the control group was 0 (range 0 to 10); the median pain at 72 hours in the intervention group was the same (median 0, range 0 to 7). P = 0.116 (Mann-Whitney U). | 1 study · 72 participants | Low |
Occlusal splint vs No treatment or placebo (non-occlusal or transparent-foil placebo splint) Range of mandibular motion · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) · Short term, Disc displacement (with/without reduction) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | MD -2.41 [-7.78, 2.96] | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Systemic antibiotics without surgical intervention (with or without analgesics) vs Matched placebo without surgical intervention (with or without analgesics) Outcome NR · Adults with symptomatic apical periodontitis or acute apical abscess Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults (2024) · Cochrane | We found no studies comparing systemic antibiotics versus a matched placebo provided without a surgical intervention. | 0 studies | No studies |
Intralesional steroid injections vs Alternative medicinal treatments Burning sensation (VAS 0-100) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · Less than 3 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.06 [-10.64, 10.52] | 2 studies · 58 participants | Very low |
Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) vs Placebo or no active treatment Improvement in range of jaw movement · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | The trials did not measure range of jaw movement. | 0 studies | No studies |
Superelastic NiTi arch wire vs Multistrand stainless steel arch wire Time to alignment · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | Cobb 1998 measured time to alignment but reported results only as graphs, with no numerical data | 1 study | Ungraded |
Facemask with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) vs Facemask only ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.15 [-0.94, 0.64] | 2 studies · 60 participants | Low |
Intralesional dexamethasone injections vs Placebo injections Burning sensation (VAS 0-100) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · Less than 3 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD -52.00 [-62.04, -41.96] | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Facemask with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) vs Modified tandem appliance Overjet · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 2.28 [1.35, 3.21] | 1 study · 32 participants | Ungraded |
NiTi arch wire of one cross-sectional size vs NiTi arch wire of a different cross-sectional size Time to alignment · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | Time to alignment: not reported | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training, laser, TENS, manual therapy) Frequency of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) · Short term (3 months), Myofascial pain TMD Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.50 [0.32, 6.94] | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Thermoelastic copper NiTi (CuNiTi) arch wire vs Conventional NiTi arch wire Time to alignment (alignment rate ratio) · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) · 6 months Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | HR 1.30 [0.68, 2.50] | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Surgery plus Heister jaw opener vs Surgery plus wooden tongue depressors Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · 3 to 6 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.92 [0.28, 1.56] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management) Range of mandibular motion · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) · Short term (6 weeks), Myofascial pain TMD Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | MD 1.40 [-7.19, 9.99] | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |