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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first.
3,358 questions in 190 reviews · cluster CL0289
current versionsNo studies 599 · 17.8%Ungraded 1,759 · 52.4%Very low 612 · 18.2%Low 269 · 8%Moderate 107 · 3.2%High 12 · 0.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Superelastic NiTi arch wire vs Conventional (stabilised) NiTi arch wire Pain day 1 · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) · 3 to 7 days Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.29 [-0.52, 1.10] | 2 studies · 142 participants | Low |
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological therapy Muscle pain at mastication · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 6 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Another occlusal splint with a different mechanism of action Joint pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) · Long term (12 months), Disc displacement with reduction (DDwR) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | RR 7.00 [0.41, 120.16] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Superelastic NiTi arch wire vs Thermoelastic NiTi arch wire Time to alignment · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) · 16 weeks Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.5 [0.21, 0.79] | 1 study · 32 participants | Low |
Chin cup vs Untreated control (no treatment) ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 1.96 [1.58, 2.34] | 1 study · 50 participants | Ungraded |
Levamisole vs Antioxidant (Antoxid) Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · Less than 3 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD -1.00 [-7.18, 5.18] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) vs Placebo or no active treatment Burning sensation (VAS 0-100) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · 3 to 6 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD -70.82 [-94.39, -47.25] | 2 studies · 500 participants | Moderate |
Facemask after Alt-RAMEC vs Facemask started simultaneously with Alt-RAMEC ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.40 [-0.42, 1.22] | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Intralesional steroid injections vs Alternative medicinal treatments Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · Less than 3 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.64 [-2.16, 0.89] | 4 studies · 128 participants | Low |
Single preoperative dose of systemic antibiotics (clindamycin 600 mg), total chemo-mechanical debridement and root filling vs Matched placebo, total chemo-mechanical debridement and root filling Pain at 48 hours · Adults with symptomatic apical periodontitis (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement) · 48 hours Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults (2024) · Cochrane | Median pain at 48 hours 1 (range 0 to 9) in the antibiotic group versus 2 (range 0 to 10) in the control group. P = 0.242 (Mann-Whitney U). | 1 study · 72 participants | Ungraded |
Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) vs Placebo or no active treatment Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · More than 6 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD -1.41 [-5.74, 2.92] | 1 study · 90 participants | Low |
Facemask after Alt-RAMEC vs Facemask started simultaneously with Alt-RAMEC Wits appraisal · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.51 [-0.69, 1.71] | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics Percussion pain at 72 hours · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or… · 72 hours Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.05 [-0.55, 0.65] | 1 study · 41 participants | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological therapy Range of mandibular motion · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) · Short term, Mixed TMD Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | MD -2.95 [-6.87, 0.97] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Surgically-anchored orthodontic treatment (miniplates) vs Untreated control (no treatment) ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 5.20 [4.48, 5.92] | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
Spirulina vs Topical aloe vera gel Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | Patil 2015b (spirulina vs topical aloe vera gel): reported important outcomes but data not in a usable format; excluded from meta-analysis. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Acupuncture Self-reported joint pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 5 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Facemask vs Untreated control (no treatment) Overjet · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · 6-year follow-up Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 1.30 [-0.16, 2.76] | 1 study · 65 participants | Low |
Surgical miniplates with facemask vs Surgical miniplates with Class III elastics Overjet · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.02 [-1.23, 1.27] | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Orthodontic adhesive containing quaternary ammonium resin monomer + 40% n-ACP vs Conventional/control orthodontic adhesive (e.g., Transbond XT) or negative control Calcium and phosphate ion release · Human enamel specimens around orthodontic brackets (in vitro) · up to 42 days, In vitro (laboratory), Overall Remineralization and anti-demineralization effect of orthodontic adhesives on enamel surrounding orthodontic… (2024) | One study using an experimental quaternary ammonium resin monomer + 40% n-ACP adhesive reported a significant increase of calcium and phosphate ion release up to 42 days compared with the control group [33]. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Facemask vs Untreated control (no treatment) Self-esteem (Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score, OASIS) · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · 6-year follow-up Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD -2.20 [-7.31, 2.91] | 1 study · 65 participants | Ungraded |
Pentoxifylline vs Placebo or no active treatment Difficulty in speech (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | OR 0.20 [0.08, 0.48] | 1 study · 106 participants | Ungraded |
Antioxidant capsules vs Topical aloe vera gel Burning sensation (VAS 0-100) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | Sudarshan 2012 reported a reduction in burning sensation but no baseline data, so change could not be determined. | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Facemask vs Untreated control (no treatment) Self-esteem (Piers-Harris self-concept scale) · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 1.50 [-0.96, 3.96] | 1 study · 69 participants | Ungraded |
Opal Seal fluoride-releasing primer vs Conventional Transbond XT primer Bracket failure · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment · During orthodontic treatment, Fixed orthodontic treatment Can Orthodontic Adhesive Systems Inhibit the Formation and Development of White Spot Lesions During Fixed… (2024) | No significant differences were observed in bracket failure rates among different primers, dental arches, bracket types, or sexes. | 1 study · 56 participants | Ungraded |
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH) Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure · >=12 months, Mature teeth Asked by 2 reviewsEfficacy of pulpotomy for permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis… (2024) | OR 2.63 [1.14, 6.03] | NR | Ungraded |
Reverse Twin Block with lip pads and rapid maxillary expander (RME) vs Untreated control (no treatment) Wits appraisal · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 5.27 [4.04, 6.50] | 1 study · 26 participants | Ungraded |
Lycopene plus intralesional betamethasone vs Placebo Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | Kumar 2007 (3-arm: lycopene vs lycopene+intralesional betamethasone vs placebo): appeared to show increased interincisal distance in the two active groups, but limited withdrawal information/incomplete data meant… | 1 study | Ungraded |
Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) vs Placebo or no active treatment Postoperative discomfort or pain · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | The trials did not measure postoperative discomfort or pain. | 0 studies | No studies |
Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) vs Placebo or no active treatment Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · Less than 3 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD 3.11 [0.46, 5.77] | 2 studies · 520 participants | Low |
Levamisole vs Antioxidant (Antoxid) Burning sensation (VAS 0-100) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · 3 to 6 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD -7.00 [-13.56, -0.44] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Pentoxifylline vs Placebo or no active treatment Difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | OR 0.42 [0.19, 0.92] | 1 study · 106 participants | Ungraded |
Superelastic NiTi arch wire vs Multistrand stainless steel arch wire Time to next/working arch wire · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported time to next/working arch wire | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological therapy Muscle pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | Listed in Summary of findings 6 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs No treatment or placebo (non-occlusal or transparent-foil placebo splint) Severity of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) · Long term (4 months), Mixed TMD Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.58 [-7.09, 5.93] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Facemask with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) vs Pushing Splints ANB (ANPog) · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD 1.40 [0.29, 2.51] | 1 study · 42 participants | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs No treatment or placebo (non-occlusal or transparent-foil placebo splint) Depression · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) · Short term, Mixed TMD Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | MD -2.58 [-4.62, -0.54] | 1 study · 32 participants | Ungraded |
Facemask with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) vs Facemask with alternating rapid maxillary expansion and constriction (Alt-RAMEC) Wits appraisal · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.38 [-1.37, 0.60] | 3 studies · 97 participants | Ungraded |
Jaw opening exercises alone vs Ultrasound plus jaw opening exercises Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · Less than 3 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD -3.70 [-11.53, 4.13] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Mandibular headgear vs Chin cup ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | Arun 1994 (n=60): ANB data not usable (no SDs; Mann-Whitney); no statistically significant difference between interventions (P>0.05). | 1 study · 60 participants | Ungraded |
Occlusal splint vs Physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training, laser, TENS, manual therapy) Muscle pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) · Short term (mean 3 months), Myofascial pain TMD Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.17 [0.02, 1.26] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Surgical miniplates with facemask vs Surgical miniplates with Class III elastics ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · End of treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.05 [-1.24, 1.14] | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) vs Placebo or no active treatment Burning sensation (VAS 0-100) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · Less than 3 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD -30.92 [-31.57, -30.27] | 1 study · 400 participants | Moderate |
NiTi arch wire of one cross-sectional size vs NiTi arch wire of a different cross-sectional size Time to next/working arch wire · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported time to next/working arch wire | 0 studies | No studies |
Facemask vs Untreated control (no treatment) Self-esteem (Piers-Harris self-concept scale) · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) · 6-year follow-up Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.30 [-4.17, 3.57] | 1 study · 65 participants | Ungraded |
Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) vs Placebo or no active treatment Difficulty in speech (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | OR 0.51 [0.21, 1.22] | 1 study · 120 participants | Ungraded |
Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) vs Placebo or no active treatment Burning sensation (VAS 0-100) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · More than 6 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD -27.60 [-36.21, -18.99] | 1 study · 90 participants | Moderate |
Single-strand superelastic NiTi arch wire vs Coaxial superelastic NiTi arch wire Pain · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch) Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2024) · Cochrane | Pain: not reported | 0 studies | No studies |
Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics Swelling at 72 hours · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or… · 72 hours Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults (2024) · Cochrane | SMD 0.02 [-0.49, 0.52] | 2 studies · 61 participants | Very low |
Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) vs Placebo or no active treatment Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) · 3 to 6 months Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | MD 8.83 [8.22, 9.45] | 3 studies · 620 participants | Moderate |