What do systematic reviews say?

Camel thorn (plant distillate) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  up to 14 days
  A single trial (Pourahmad 2010, unclear risk of bias) randomised 93 participants to camel thorn distillate (n=49) or placebo (n=44). Mean time to complete resolution was 4.02 days (range 3 to 7) for camel thorn…
  1 study · 93 participants
  GRADE not reported

Adjunctive local antibiotic (8.5% doxycycline hyclate, Atridox) added to manual debridement vs Manual debridement plus chlorhexidine irrigation/gel

Adjunctive local antibiotic (8.5% doxycycline hyclate, Atridox)… led to higher change in probing attachment level (PAL) compared with manual debridement with chlorhexidine (no antibiotic); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of peri‐implantitis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 months (18 weeks)
  MD 0.61 [0.40, 0.82]
  1 study · 28 participants
  GRADE not reported

Topical thalidomide vs Another topical agent or placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Topical treatments for HIV‐related oral ulcers 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies were included in this review. A total of 233 abstracts were retrieved; 25 were selected as potentially eligible but all were excluded (10 reported systemic rather than topical treatment; 3 non‐RCTs; 6…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Extraction of the primary maxillary canine vs no intervention

• Extraction of primary (baby) teeth for unerupted palatally displaced permanent canine teeth in children 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  At least 6 months follow-up after the intervention
  Changes in the position of the displaced canine measured from radiographs, reported by both trials as medians (non-normal distribution): changes in the inclination of the canine to the midline, the distance of the…
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Fluticasone propionate spray vs Betamethasone sodium phosphate mouthwash

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No statistical testing of the mean surface area of lesions was reported in Hegarty 2002 (fluticasone mean score 547.2 mm2 versus betamethasone mean score 671.9 mm2).
  1 study · 22 participants
  GRADE not reported

Adjunctive local antibiotic (8.5% doxycycline hyclate, Atridox) added to manual debridement vs Manual debridement plus chlorhexidine irrigation/gel

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of peri‐implantitis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 months (18 weeks)
  No recurrence of peri-implantitis occurred in any of the groups.
  1 study · 28 participants
  GRADE not reported

Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the included studies assessed the effectiveness of treatments of genital ELP; thus, this outcome was not reported.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Topical corticosteroids vs Another topical agent or placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Topical treatments for HIV‐related oral ulcers 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies were included in this review. A total of 233 abstracts were retrieved; 25 were selected as potentially eligible but all were excluded (10 reported systemic rather than topical treatment; 3 non‐RCTs; 6…
  0 studies
  No studies found

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

1% pimecrolimus cream showed no clear difference in complete clinical response (complete clearance) compared with placebo (vehicle cream); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 3.50 [0.95, 12.90]
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

Topical ciclosporin 1.5% gel vs Topical clobetasol propionate 0.025% gel

Topical ciclosporin 1.5% gel led to higher partial response (partial or complete response) compared with topical clobetasol propionate 0.025% gel; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.46 [1.04, 2.04]
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

Individualised homeopathic medicine (two doses over 24 hours) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 days
  A statistically significant difference was reported in mean pain score and mean ulcer size favouring the homeopathic group (P<0.05). Summary data not presented, precluding further analysis.
  1 study · 100 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate vs corticosteroid injection

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate led to lower pain on palpation of the affected/contralateral TMJ and masticatory… compared with intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (betamethasone); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  14 days to 6 months
  Pain on palpation of the affected and contralateral TMJ and masticatory muscles presented similar frequencies regardless of the time (Analyses 1.4-1.12); no statistically significant differences reported. Point…
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) vs Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO)

Intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) showed no clear difference in stability of correction: vertical changes of pogonion (1 week to 1… compared with sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO); GRADE not reported.

• Treatments for adults with prominent lower front teeth 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 week to 1 year post-surgery
  MD 0.41 [-0.15, 0.97]
  1 study · 30 participants
  GRADE not reported

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  In Passeron 2007 (n=12), all participants who improved during treatment relapsed within 1 month of ceasing treatment.
  1 study · 12 participants
  GRADE not reported

Xenogeneic collagen matrix (porcine; Mucograft) vs Connective tissue autograft (palate)

Xenogeneic collagen matrix (porcine; Mucograft) showed no clear difference in keratinised mucosa height change compared with connective tissue autograft (palate); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: management of soft tissues for dental implants 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD 0.15 [-0.72, 1.02]
  1 study · 22 participants
  GRADE not reported

Clofazimine (100 mg daily for 30 days, then 100 mg every other day) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  One trial at high risk of bias compared clofazimine (n=23) with placebo (n=20). The number of individuals in the clofazimine group who had no further aphthous episodes from beginning treatment until completion at 6…
  1 study · 43 participants
  GRADE not reported

Metronidazole gel 25% (local antibiotic) vs Ultrasonic debridement

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of peri‐implantitis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  12 weeks
  No recurrence of peri-implantitis occurred in any of the groups.
  1 study · 27 participants
  GRADE not reported

Radix tripterygium hypoglaucum tablet (THT) vs Tripterygium glucosides tablet (TGT)

Radix tripterygium hypoglaucum tablet (THT) showed no clear difference in physician Global Assessment (cure of erosive lesions, remarkably… compared with tripterygium glucosides tablet (TGT); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Grade II (erosive lesions only)
  RR 0.73 [0.42, 1.28]
  1 study · 94 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Grade I (erosive and ulcerative lesions)
  RR 0.55 [0.25, 1.20]
  1 study · 94 participants
  GRADE not reported

Beclometasone dipropionate (systemic corticosteroid) vs Placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Table 1: 'Studies of these corticosteroids were not found or included in the review but are included here for completeness.' No trial of beclometasone dipropionate for RAS was identified.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate vs corticosteroid injection

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate showed no clear difference in extent of mandibular movement (maximum jaw opening, lateral and… compared with intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (betamethasone); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  14 days to 6 months
  None of the mean differences between interventions for the measures of jaw movements (maximum jaw opening, lateral movement to affected side, contralateral movement, jaw protrusion; Analyses 1.16-1.27) showed…
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported