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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
420 questions in 100 reviews · cluster CL0279
current versionsNo studies 131 · 31.2%Ungraded 222 · 52.9%Very low 47 · 11.2%Low 16 · 3.8%Moderate 4 · 1%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Intermediate restorative material (IRM) Adverse events · Patients needing retrograde filling in root canal therapy (orthograde root canal filling or retreatment not possible;… Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy (2021) · Cochrane | Adverse events: outcome was not assessed by the included studies | 0 studies | No studies |
Extraction of the primary (baby) canine (single primary tooth extraction) vs No extraction (non-intervention control) Any other adverse effects, such as gingival disease and demineralisation · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC) Interventions for promoting the eruption of palatally displaced permanent canine teeth, without the need for… (2021) · Cochrane | Only root resorption was assessed; other adverse effects (gingival disease, demineralisation) were not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Adverse events (participants with adverse events or withdrawals due to adverse events) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | SoF 1 (Adverse effects): Only 1 study reported that 1 participant in the treatment group experienced a myocardial infarction during the study period. 1 study reported no adverse effects. The remaining 2 studies did not… | 2 studies · 294 participants | Low |
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Super ethoxybenzoic acid (Super-EBA) Adverse events · Patients needing retrograde filling in root canal therapy (orthograde root canal filling or retreatment not possible;… Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy (2021) · Cochrane | Adverse events: outcome was not assessed by the included studies | 0 studies | No studies |
Chemotherapy (any regimen; added to, or compared with, locoregional treatment) vs Locoregional treatment and/or an alternative chemotherapy regimen Toxicity / adverse effects (harms) of chemotherapy · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy (2021) · Cochrane | Harms/toxicity were planned but very little quantitative data suitable for analysis were found; toxicity reported narratively and not quantified or GRADE-rated. | NR | Ungraded |
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Root repair material (RRM) Adverse events · Patients needing retrograde filling in root canal therapy (orthograde root canal filling or retreatment not possible;… Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy (2021) · Cochrane | Adverse events: outcome was not assessed by the included studies | 0 studies | No studies |
Rubber dam isolation vs Isolite system Adverse events · Dental patients undergoing restorative treatment (no age or gender restriction) · treatment phase Rubber dam isolation for restorative treatment in dental patients (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Rubber dam isolation and moisture control (alone or with saliva aspiration) vs Cotton rolls (with or without saliva aspiration) Adverse events · Dental patients undergoing direct or indirect restorative treatment (no age or gender restriction) · treatment phase Rubber dam isolation for restorative treatment in dental patients (2021) · Cochrane | Adverse events | Outcome not reported | 0 studies | No studies |
Dentine-bonded resin composite vs Glass ionomer cement Adverse events · Patients needing retrograde filling in root canal therapy (orthograde root canal filling or retreatment not possible;… Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy (2021) · Cochrane | Adverse events: outcome was not assessed by the included studies | 0 studies | No studies |
Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs Placebo Adverse effects · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1… · 1st to 7th day Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.46 [0.81, 2.64] | 8 studies · 1277 participants | Very low |
Super ethoxybenzoic acid (Super-EBA) vs Intermediate restorative material (IRM) Adverse events · Patients needing retrograde filling in root canal therapy (orthograde root canal filling or retreatment not possible;… Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy (2021) · Cochrane | Adverse events: outcome was not assessed by the included studies | 0 studies | No studies |
Topical triamcinolone acetonide vs Topical pimecrolimus Adverse effects · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment · end of treatment Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.21 [0.01, 4.10] | 1 study · 35 participants | Ungraded |
Clobetasol propionate plus miconazole (adjunctive antifungal) vs Clobetasol propionate plus placebo Candidosis (adverse effect) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies (2020) · Cochrane | Lodi 2007: 5 cases of candidosis among 15 participants without antifungal vs 0 with adjunctive miconazole (low-certainty) | 1 study · 35 participants | Low |
Topical triamcinolone acetonide vs Topical tacrolimus Adverse effects · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment · 3-8 weeks Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.47 [0.22, 0.99] | 2 studies · 58 participants | Low |
Doxycycline + SRP vs Metronidazole + SRP Adverse events · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported adverse events | NR | No studies |
Triangular flap vs Envelope flap Adverse effects (wound dehiscence) · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal · up to 30 days Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 39 participants | Ungraded |
The wand (computer-controlled LA delivery system) vs Sleeper One (electronic LA delivery system) Adverse effects · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia · During LA (injection is the intervention) Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental… (2020) · Cochrane | Adverse effects: included studies did not report on this outcome | NR | No studies |
Amoxicillin + clavulanate + SRP vs Tetracycline + SRP Adverse events · Adults with aggressive periodontitis Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | The only included trial (Abu Fanas 1991) reported there were no adverse events. | 1 study · 8 participants | Ungraded |
Electrical counter-stimulation device (DentalVibe) vs Conventional treatment (no stimulation) Adverse effects · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia · During LA Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental… (2020) · Cochrane | Adverse effects: included studies did not report on this outcome | NR | No studies |
Bone removal technique (chisel / piezoelectric / ultrasonic) vs Bur (conventional rotary) Adverse effects · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal · up to 30 days Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Primary (complete) wound closure vs Secondary (partial) wound closure Adverse effects (reactionary bleeding) · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal · up to 30 days Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.41 [0.11, 1.47] | 1 study · 82 participants | Very low |
Amoxicillin + clavulanate + SRP vs SRP Adverse events · Adults with chronic periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included study reported diarrhoea in 2 participants from both groups. | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Counter-stimulation and distraction (combined) vs Conventional treatment Adverse effects · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia · During LA Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental… (2020) · Cochrane | Adverse effects: included studies did not report on this outcome | NR | No studies |
Clindamycin + SRP vs SRP Adverse events · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included study has not reported adverse events | NR | No studies |
Metronidazole + SRP vs Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP Adverse events · Adults with periodontitis (chronic and aggressive) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | All three included trials (Matarazzo 2008; Silva 2011; Xajigeorgiou 2006) reported adverse events in both MTZ + SRP and AMOX + MTZ + SRP groups (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, metallic taste, irritability, mild… | 3 studies · 84 participants | Ungraded |
Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs Clarithromycin + SRP Adverse events · Adults with aggressive periodontitis Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Two patients were reported to have vomiting and unbearable stomach pain in the AMOX + MTZ + SRP group (Araujo 2019). | 1 study | Ungraded |
Coronectomy vs Complete extraction (odontectomy) Adverse effects (root migration / fracture) · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal · up to 30 days Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Moxifloxacin + SRP vs SRP Adverse events · Adults with chronic periodontitis Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | The included trial (Ardila 2015) had no adverse events amongst the participants. | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Irrigation technique A vs Irrigation technique B Adverse effects · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal · up to 30 days Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical clobetasol propionate vs Topical tacrolimus Adverse effects · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment · 3-8 weeks Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.05 [0.00, 0.83] | 2 studies · 100 participants | Very low |
Topical triamcinolone acetonide vs Topical ciclosporin Adverse effects · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment · end of treatment Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.15 [0.05, 0.49] | 1 study · 139 participants | Ungraded |
Clarithromycin + SRP vs SRP Adverse events · Adults with periodontitis (chronic and aggressive) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Both included trials reported adverse events in the clarithromycin + SRP group: unpalatable taste and mild gastric intolerance in 2 patients (Pradeep 2011); mild gastrointestinal discomfort in 2 patients (Rebelatto… | NR | Ungraded |
Levofloxacin + SRP vs SRP Adverse events · Adults with chronic periodontitis Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Both included trials (Pradeep 2014; Pradeep 2015) reported dizziness and diarrhoea in the levofloxacin + SRP group. | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Cefixime + SRP vs SRP Adverse events · Adults with chronic periodontitis Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | The only included trial (Dukic 2016) reported nausea, dizziness and/or anorexia in the cefixime + SRP group. | 1 study · 60 participants | Ungraded |
Hypnosis vs Conventional treatment Adverse effects · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia · Immediately before or during LA Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental… (2020) · Cochrane | Adverse effects: included studies did not report on this outcome | NR | No studies |
Video modelling acclimatisation vs Acclimatisation in clinic (tell-show-do) Adverse effects · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia · In advance of LA Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental… (2020) · Cochrane | Adverse effects: included studies did not report on this outcome | NR | No studies |
Surgical drain (tube or gauze) vs No drain Adverse effects (reactionary bleeding) · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal · up to 30 days Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
The wand (computer-controlled LA delivery system) vs Traditional local anaesthetic Adverse effects · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia · During LA (injection is the intervention) Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental… (2020) · Cochrane | Adverse effects: included studies did not report on this outcome | NR | No studies |
Dexamethasone + nystatin + curcumin (adjunctive) vs Dexamethasone + nystatin + placebo Adverse effects · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies (2020) · Cochrane | Amirchaghmaghi 2016: no adverse effects recorded in either group (low-certainty) | 1 study | Low |
Metronidazole + SRP vs SRP Adverse events · Adults with periodontitis (chronic and aggressive) · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | No severe adverse effects were reported by any of the participants in 1 study. 2 studies have not reported adverse events. | 3 studies · 71 participants | Very low |
Tetracycline + SRP vs SRP Adverse events · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included study has not reported adverse events | NR | No studies |
Counter-stimulation or distraction vs Conventional treatment Adverse effects · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia · Immediately before or during LA Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental… (2020) · Cochrane | Adverse effects: included studies did not report on this outcome | NR | No studies |
Pre-cooling of the injection site vs Conventional treatment Adverse effects · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia · Immediately before LA Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental… (2020) · Cochrane | Adverse effects: included studies did not report on this outcome | NR | No studies |
Audiovisual distraction vs Conventional treatment Adverse effects · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia · During LA Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental… (2020) · Cochrane | Adverse effects: included studies did not report on this outcome | NR | No studies |
Biotene OralBalance vs Control Adverse effects · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia (2020) · Cochrane | Adverse effects (Stefanescu 2013): no significant difference between groups with respect to adverse events in buccal mucosa. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Topical clobetasol propionate vs Topical ciclosporin Adverse effects · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment · 3-8 weeks Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies (2020) · Cochrane | RR 6.32 [0.84, 47.69] | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
Doxycycline + SRP vs SRP Adverse events · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included study has not reported adverse events | NR | No studies |
Clindamycin + SRP vs Metronidazole + SRP Adverse events · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included study has not reported adverse events | NR | No studies |
Topical triamcinolone acetonide vs Cryotherapy Adverse events (split-mouth) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.01 [0.00, 0.16] | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Azithromycin + SRP vs SRP Adverse events · Adults with periodontitis (chronic and aggressive) · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | 1 study reported diarrhoea, headache or dizziness, metallic taste, and general unwellness by 4 participants from the intervention group and 3 from the control group. In 1 study none of the participants reported any… | 2 studies · 110 participants | Very low |