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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
13 questions in 5 reviews · cluster CL0216
current versionsNo studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 6 · 46.2%Very low 3 · 23.1%Low 4 · 30.8%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Theory-based oral health education/promotion interventions (HBM, TPB, SCT, HAPA, TTM, PMT, SOC, PRECEDE-PROCEED, MI) vs Control (waitlist, routine/standard oral health education, or minimal intervention) Oral health attitude · Children and adolescents aged 5-18 years · Post-intervention (follow-up immediately after to 6 months, varies by study), Overall Health promotion theory-based educational interventions for improving oral health in children and… (2025) | SMD 9.32 [7.08, 11.55] | 3 studies · 2370 participants | Low |
Theory-based oral health education/promotion interventions (HBM, TPB, SCT, HAPA, TTM, PMT, SOC, PRECEDE-PROCEED, MI) vs Control (waitlist, routine/standard oral health education, or minimal intervention) Oral health behavior · Children and adolescents aged 5-18 years · Post-intervention (follow-up 0.5 to 24 months, varies by study), Overall Health promotion theory-based educational interventions for improving oral health in children and… (2025) | SMD 2.58 [2.03, 3.12] | 6 studies · 13973 participants | Low |
Theory-based oral health education/promotion interventions (HBM, TPB, SCT, HAPA, TTM, PMT, SOC, PRECEDE-PROCEED, MI) vs Control (waitlist, routine/standard oral health education, or minimal intervention) Oral health knowledge · Children and adolescents aged 5-18 years · Post-intervention (follow-up immediately after to 24 months, varies by study), Overall Health promotion theory-based educational interventions for improving oral health in children and… (2025) | SMD 1.09 [0.80, 1.39] | 7 studies · 10904 participants | Low |
Electric toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) Behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy (participant/carer preference) · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified · Long term (>12 months) Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities (2019) · Cochrane | Comparison 2.8 (reported; not GRADE-rated). One NRS (Bratel 1991, 23 participants), self-efficacy at 16 months: 10/12 people with ID using the electric toothbrush reported a preference for it, finding it easier to use… | 1 study · 23 participants | Ungraded |
Oral hygiene training (toothbrushing routine) of people with ID vs No oral hygiene training of people with ID Behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy (toothbrushing behaviour) (medium and long term) · Children and adults with mild to profound ID; setting residential or school · Long term (>12 months) Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities (2019) · Cochrane | Behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy (steps achieved in a toothbrushing routine), 100 days to 19 months; 59 participants (4 NRS); Very Low. Results not in a format for meta-analysis: 3 NRS (56 participants) reported… | 4 studies · 59 participants | Very low |
Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Conventional manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) Behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy (carer experience) (medium term) · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified · Medium term (6 weeks to 12 months) Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities (2019) · Cochrane | Comparison 1.6 (graded in the Effects of interventions text; not tabulated in the SoF). Bildt 2010, Superbrush vs conventional, 4 months, 18 participants (1 RCT): carer handling of toothbrush MD 0.50 (95% CI -0.35 to… | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Oral hygiene care training of carers vs No training (or a placebo training session) of carers Behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy of carers (medium term) · People with mixed levels of ID (age range unclear); setting residential · Medium term (6 weeks to 12 months) Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities (2019) · Cochrane | MD 0.15 [-0.80, 1.10] | 2 studies · 189 participants | Very low |
Oral hygiene care training of carers vs No training (or a placebo training session) of carers Oral health knowledge of carers (medium term) · People with mixed levels of ID (age range unclear); setting residential · Medium term (6 weeks to 12 months) Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities (2019) · Cochrane | MD 0.69 [0.31, 1.06] | 2 studies · 189 participants | Low |
Educational intervention with information and practical components (theoretical oral health education plus practical skills training) for nursing staff and/or residents vs (Optimised) usual care Oral health-related attitude of nursing staff · Nursing home nursing staff (approximately 95% female in the two contributing studies) Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents (2016) · Cochrane | SMD 0.30 [-0.23, 0.83] | 2 studies · 459 participants | Ungraded |
Educational intervention with information and practical components (theoretical oral health education plus practical skills training) for nursing staff and/or residents vs (Optimised) usual care Oral health-related knowledge of nursing staff · Nursing home nursing staff (approximately 95% female in the two contributing studies) Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents (2016) · Cochrane | SMD 0.94 [-0.04, 1.92] | 2 studies · 453 participants | Ungraded |
Motivational interview plus oral health education vs Oral health education Knowledge: Average score (Oral Health Knowledge Questionnaire, high score = good) · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | MD 5.4 [3.71, 7.09] | 1 study · 56 participants | Ungraded |
Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs No (active) intervention (usual/standard dental care or no-treatment control) Dental knowledge · Adults (aged 18 or over) diagnosed with periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) Psychological interventions to improve adherence to oral hygiene instructions in adults with periodontal… (2007) · Cochrane | Stewart 1996: for dental knowledge the control group showed no change pre- and post-intervention, whereas the psychological intervention group improved dental knowledge significantly (both intervention groups improved… | 1 study · 117 participants | Ungraded |
Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs Educational intervention (oral hygiene education/instruction) Dental knowledge · Adults (aged 18 or over) diagnosed with periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) Psychological interventions to improve adherence to oral hygiene instructions in adults with periodontal… (2007) · Cochrane | Stewart 1996: there was no difference in change in dental knowledge at post-intervention between the educational and psychological groups (both improved significantly relative to control). | 1 study · 78 participants | Ungraded |