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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
104 questions in 13 reviews · cluster CL0204
current versionsNo studies 2 · 1.9%Ungraded 69 · 66.3%Very low 9 · 8.7%Low 13 · 12.5%Moderate 11 · 10.6%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Calcium hydroxide/iodoform (CH/iodoform) vs Full strength formocresol (FC) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 9.11 [3.04, 27.31] | 1 study · 67 participants | Ungraded |
Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs 3Mix (ciprofloxacin + metronidazole + minocycline) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.00 [0.07, 15.12] | 1 study · 50 participants | Ungraded |
Metapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Endoflas (CH + ZOE + iodoform) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.58] | 2 studies · 92 participants | Ungraded |
Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs ZOE + calcium hydroxide + iodoform (MPRCF, unnamed product) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 42.63 [2.65, 685.54] | 1 study · 109 participants | Ungraded |
Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 4.75 [1.21, 18.55] | 4 studies · 161 participants | Low |
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Formocresol (FC) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 24 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.11 [1.61, 6.02] | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.11 [0.01, 1.94] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Metapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.15, 3.33] | 2 studies · 62 participants | Moderate |
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 9.00 [0.52, 156.92] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Electrofulguration + calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Electrofulguration + zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.26, 2.73] | 1 study · 47 participants | Ungraded |
Calcium hydroxide + sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.88] | 1 study · 62 participants | Ungraded |
Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 6.56 [2.58, 16.67] | 4 studies · 161 participants | Low |
Calcium hydroxide/iodoform (CH/iodoform) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [0.82, 1.54] | 1 study · 65 participants | Ungraded |
Metapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs RC Fill (ZOE with iodoform) Outcome NR · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | Assessed pain, radiolucency, root resorption, filling material anomaly (Ramar 2010); no significant differences | 1 study · 64 participants | Ungraded |
Calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6, 12 and 18 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | No clinical failure in any participant (Malekafzali 2011); not estimable | 1 study · 80 participants | Ungraded |
Calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | No radiological failure in any participant at 6 months; not estimable | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Sealapex (eugenol-free calcium hydroxide) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.50 [0.10, 2.43] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Sealapex (eugenol-free calcium hydroxide) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 and 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.20 [0.01, 3.92] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Calcium hydroxide/iodoform (CH/iodoform) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.87, 1.59] | 1 study · 65 participants | Ungraded |
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) + sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 8.00 [1.06, 60.21] | 1 study · 62 participants | Ungraded |
Electrofulguration + calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Electrofulguration + zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.47, 1.88] | 1 study · 47 participants | Ungraded |
Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs ZOE + calcium hydroxide + iodoform (MPRCF, unnamed product) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 21.79 [1.32, 360.78] | 1 study · 109 participants | Ungraded |
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.50 [0.50, 12.50] | 2 studies · 110 participants | Low |
Metapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.00 [0.31, 3.27] | 2 studies · 62 participants | Moderate |
Metapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Zinc oxide and propolis (ZOP) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.80 [0.26, 2.45] | 1 study · 32 participants | Ungraded |
Sealapex (eugenol-free calcium hydroxide) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 and 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.50 [0.10, 2.43] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs RC Fill Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6, 12 and 30 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | No clinical failure in any participant at 6/12/30 months (Pramila 2016); not estimable | 1 study · 86 participants | Ungraded |
Calcium hydroxide + sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.23, 1.70] | 1 study · 62 participants | Ungraded |
Calcium hydroxide cement (Dycal) vs Calcium sulphate hemihydrate (DentoGen) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.67 [0.46, 6.06] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.04, 2.94] | 1 study · 80 participants | Ungraded |
Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Sealapex (eugenol-free calcium hydroxide) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.20 [0.01, 3.92] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.00 [0.13, 69.70] | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Sealapex (eugenol-free calcium hydroxide) vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 5.00 [0.26, 98.00] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic acid, acitretin) vs Placebo or no treatment Oral cancer development · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia · 24 months (treatment lasted 12 months) Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.11 [0.01, 2.05] | 1 study · 85 participants | Very low |
Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic acid, acitretin) vs Placebo or no treatment Clinical resolution (oral lesion not completely resolved) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia · 4 to 12 months Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer (2016) · Cochrane | SoF 1, Clinical resolution (not completely resolved) at 4 to 12 months: 'Studies could not be combined in meta-analysis. One study evaluated topical treatment and did not find evidence of benefit; 3 studies of systemic… | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Calcium sulphate grafting of the periapical lesion vs No grafting Healing - 1 year · People requiring retreatment of periapical lesions (failed root canal therapy) · 1 year Endodontic procedures for retreatment of periapical lesions (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.83, 1.50] | 1 study · 18 participants | Low |
Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic acid, acitretin) vs Placebo or no treatment Improvement of histological features (not improved) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia · 3 months Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.24, 0.76] | 1 study · 41 participants | Moderate |
Fluoridated milk vs Non-fluoridated milk Dental pain due to decay · General population, irrespective of age or level of risk for dental caries Fluoridated milk for preventing dental caries (2015) · Cochrane | No evidence found. (No information was reported by the included study.) | 0 studies | No studies |
Fluoridated milk vs Non-fluoridated milk Antibiotics due to dental infections · General population, irrespective of age or level of risk for dental caries Fluoridated milk for preventing dental caries (2015) · Cochrane | No evidence found. (No information was reported by the included study.) | 0 studies | No studies |
Daily multivitamin vs Placebo Average mouth pain during RAS episodes · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and… Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) (2012) · Cochrane | MD -0.05 [-0.71, 0.61] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Vitamin B12 (sublingual, 1000 mcg daily for 6 months) vs Placebo Average duration of RAS episode (days) · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and… · 6 months Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) (2012) · Cochrane | MD -2.86 [-5.39, -0.33] | 1 study · 58 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin B12 (sublingual, 1000 mcg daily for 6 months) vs Placebo Pain score · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and… · 6 months Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) (2012) · Cochrane | MD -1.72 [-2.70, -0.74] | 1 study · 58 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin B12 (sublingual, 1000 mcg daily for 6 months) vs Placebo 'No ulcer' status during last 2 months of treatment · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and… · 6 months Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) (2012) · Cochrane | RR 3.27 [1.23, 8.66] | 1 study · 58 participants | Ungraded |
Daily multivitamin vs Placebo Duration of episodes · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and… Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) (2012) · Cochrane | MD -0.33 [-2.06, 1.40] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Vitamin B12 (sublingual, 1000 mcg daily for 6 months) vs Placebo Frequency of outbreaks per month · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and… · 6 months Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) (2012) · Cochrane | MD -8.74 [-16.62, -0.86] | 1 study · 58 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin E (topical) vs Vitamin E (swallowed) Improvement in mucositis · People with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) who have oral mucositis · 5 days Interventions for treating oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment (2010) · Cochrane | RR 15.40 [4.01, 59.21] | 1 study · 63 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin E vs Placebo (not a true placebo) Mucositis eradicated · People with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) who have oral mucositis Interventions for treating oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment (2010) · Cochrane | RR 6.00 [0.89, 40.31] | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin E (topical) vs Vitamin E (swallowed) Mucositis eradicated · People with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) who have oral mucositis Interventions for treating oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment (2010) · Cochrane | RR 53.74 [3.41, 846.84] | 1 study · 63 participants | Ungraded |
Dycal (calcium hydroxide material) vs Cavitec (zinc oxide eugenol material) Clinical symptoms at 12 months · Adults (aged 20 to 60 years, mean 27) with deep carious lesions in permanent teeth (indirect or direct pulp capping,… · 12 months, Complete caries removal Pulp management for caries in adults: maintaining pulp vitality (2007) · Cochrane | Analysis 2.2 (clinical symptoms at 12 months following complete caries removal, Dycal vs Cavitec). Fitzgerald 1991: 151 teeth in 55 patients (analysis at tooth level, not patient level); substantial attrition (11 teeth… | 1 study · 151 participants | Ungraded |
Calcium hydroxide vs Zinc oxide eugenol Clinical success (survival free of symptoms) at 24 months · Adults with asymptomatic teeth with vital carious pulp exposures · 24 months Pulp management for caries in adults: maintaining pulp vitality (2007) · Cochrane | Shovelton 1971 (Analysis 1.1): 275 teeth followed for 2 years (235 at 6 months, 160 at 12 months, 85 analysed at 24 months). Success rates 50% to 80%. Ledermix and calcium hydroxide had the highest success rates,… | 1 study · 275 participants | Ungraded |