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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
17 questions in 6 reviews · cluster CL0140
current versionsNo studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 8 · 47.1%Very low 9 · 52.9%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Chlorhexidine mouthwash vs Placebo Cariogenic bacteria (Mutans streptococci) · Orthodontic patients · ≤ 3 months The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic… (2023) | Colony count of MS was significantly reduced compared to placebos according to three studies [34; 48; 52]; colony count of MS was slightly reduced compared to placebo in a short time in one study [40]. | 4 studies | Very low |
Chlorhexidine mouthwash vs Blank control Cariogenic bacteria (Mutans streptococci) · Orthodontic patients · ≤ 3 months The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic… (2023) | Colony count of MS was significantly reduced compared to blank control according to one study [53]; one study reported a significant reduction compared to baseline [51]. | 2 studies | Very low |
Fluoride mouthwash vs Blank control Cariogenic bacteria (Mutans streptococci) · Orthodontic patients · ≤ 3 months The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic… (2023) | Colony count of MS was significantly reduced compared to baseline according to two studies [33; 34]. | 2 studies | Very low |
Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash (adjunct to mechanical cleaning) vs Blank control (no mouthwash; before-after comparison) Plaque Index (PI, Silness & Loe 1964) · Orthodontic patients (any age) undergoing orthodontic treatment (mostly fixed appliances) · <=3 months (short-term) The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic… (2023) | WMD -0.70 [-1.12, -0.27] | 4 studies · 188 participants | Very low |
Herbal mouthwash vs Placebo Cariogenic bacteria (Mutans streptococci) · Orthodontic patients · ≤ 3 months The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic… (2023) | Colony count of MS was significantly reduced compared to placebo [52]; colony count was slightly reduced compared to placebo in a short time in one study [40]. | 2 studies | Very low |
Chlorhexidine mouthwash vs Placebo Plaque Index · Orthodontic patients · ≤ 3 months The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic… (2023) | Plaque Index was significantly reduced compared to placebos according to two studies [20; 32]. | 2 studies | Very low |
Fluoride mouthwash vs Blank control Cariogenic bacteria (Mutans streptococci) · Orthodontic patients · ≥ 12 months The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic… (2023) | Colony count of MS was similar to blank control according to two studies [37; 59]. | 2 studies | Very low |
Probiotic mouthwash (e.g., Lactobacillus-based) vs Blank control (no mouthwash; before-after comparison) Cariogenic bacteria (Mutans streptococci colony count) · Orthodontic patients (any age) undergoing orthodontic treatment (mostly fixed appliances) · <=3 months (short-term) The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic… (2023) | Colony count of MS was significantly reduced compared to blank control [53]. Colony count of MS was insignificantly increased compared to baseline [33]. | 2 studies | Very low |
Herbal mouthwash vs Blank control Cariogenic bacteria (Mutans streptococci) · Orthodontic patients · ≤ 3 months The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic… (2023) | Colony count of MS was significantly reduced compared to baseline [48]; another study found an insignificant reduction compared to baseline [51]. | 2 studies | Very low |
Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care vs Placebo or usual care Oral health indices (plaque index) · Critically ill patients (adults and children) receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia (2020) · Cochrane | Plaque index: Fu 2019 found a significant reduction in the chlorhexidine group; Ozcaka 2012 and Scannapieco 2009 found no difference; 3 studies; no usable pooled estimate. | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Pre-treatment (baseline, same group) Lactobacillus count (pre- vs post-treatment) · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years) · Pre- vs post-treatment The antiplaque/anticariogenic efficacy of Salvadora persica (Miswak) mouthrinse in comparison to that of… (2019) | MD 1.54 [0.91, 2.17] | 2 studies · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Placebo rinse Post-treatment Lactobacillus count · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years) · Post-treatment The antiplaque/anticariogenic efficacy of Salvadora persica (Miswak) mouthrinse in comparison to that of… (2019) | MD -1.12 [-1.45, -0.79] | 2 studies · 60 participants | Ungraded |
Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Pre-treatment (baseline, same group) Streptococcus mutans count (pre- vs post-treatment) · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years) · Pre- vs post-treatment The antiplaque/anticariogenic efficacy of Salvadora persica (Miswak) mouthrinse in comparison to that of… (2019) | MD 1.82 [1.03, 2.62] | 5 studies · 71 participants | Ungraded |
Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Placebo rinse Post-treatment Streptococcus mutans count · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years) · Post-treatment The antiplaque/anticariogenic efficacy of Salvadora persica (Miswak) mouthrinse in comparison to that of… (2019) | MD -1.42 [-2.08, -0.76] | 5 studies · 142 participants | Ungraded |
Antiseptic mouthrinse vs Placebo Salivary flow rate · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy (2017) · Cochrane | Salivary flow rate was only reported during radiotherapy (i.e. not at any of the time points of interest); no usable data (Lanzos 2010) | 1 study | Ungraded |
Various saliva stimulants (chewable tablet, lozenges, chewing gum, CMC mouthrinse/sprays; 8-arm) vs Saliva substitutes / other products Salivary flow (stimulated whole saliva) · Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's… Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies (2011) · Cochrane | No product had a long-term effect on stimulated whole saliva production. | 1 study · 106 participants | Ungraded |
Zinc chloride + sodium chlorite mouthrinse (TriOral) vs Control mouthrinse (containing neither zinc chloride nor sodium chlorite) Organoleptic assessment (indirect surrogate salivary organoleptic score) · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g.… · 4 weeks Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis (2008) · Cochrane | Codipilly 2004: only indirect surrogate salivary organoleptic scores were reported (not organoleptic breath scores); no accurate deductions could be made from the reported values. | 1 study | Ungraded |