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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
18 questions in 5 reviews · cluster CL0091
current versionsNo studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 13 · 72.2%Very low 0 · 0%Low 1 · 5.6%Moderate 4 · 22.2%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Calcium phosphate agent (e.g., CPP-ACP, Ca/P-PILP, niobophosphate) vs Fluoride agent (e.g., NaF/SDF/KF/CaF2) Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Self-Etch + chemical ACAD Biomimetic Remineralization Strategies for Dentin Bond Stability-Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (2025) | MD 2.140 [-1.506, 5.787] | 1 study | Moderate |
Calcium phosphate agent (e.g., CPP-ACP, Ca/P-PILP, niobophosphate) vs Calcium-based agent Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Etch-and-Rinse + chemical ACAD Biomimetic Remineralization Strategies for Dentin Bond Stability-Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (2025) | MD 0.596 [-7.289, 8.482] | 7 studies | Low |
Calcium phosphate agent (e.g., CPP-ACP, Ca/P-PILP, niobophosphate) vs Calcium-based agent Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Self-Etch + chemical ACAD Biomimetic Remineralization Strategies for Dentin Bond Stability-Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (2025) | MD 2.663 [-2.395, 7.722] | 4 studies | Moderate |
Calcium phosphate agent (e.g., CPP-ACP, Ca/P-PILP, niobophosphate) vs No biomimetic remineralization (control) Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Self-Etch + chemical ACAD Biomimetic Remineralization Strategies for Dentin Bond Stability-Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (2025) | MD 1.539 [-1.738, 4.817] | 1 study | Moderate |
Calcium phosphate agent (e.g., CPP-ACP, Ca/P-PILP, niobophosphate) vs Fluoride agent (e.g., NaF/SDF/KF/CaF2) Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Etch-and-Rinse + biological ACAD Biomimetic Remineralization Strategies for Dentin Bond Stability-Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (2025) | MD 17.012 [11.920, 22.103] | 2 studies | Moderate |
CPP-ACP enamel pre-treatment for prevention of white spot lesions before bonding metallic orthodontic brackets vs No enamel pre-treatment before bonding, or treatment with another material Shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic orthodontic brackets · Sound enamel of extracted permanent human teeth · Before bonding, Prevention of WSLs (sound enamel) Shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded to enamel pretreated with CPP-ACP: a systematic review and… (2023) | MD 1.009 [-0.723, 2.740] | 7 studies | Ungraded |
CPP-ACP enamel pre-treatment for remineralization of white spot lesions before bonding metallic orthodontic brackets vs No enamel pre-treatment before bonding, or treatment with another material Shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic orthodontic brackets · Demineralized enamel of extracted permanent human teeth · Before bonding, Remineralization of WSLs (demineralized enamel) Shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded to enamel pretreated with CPP-ACP: a systematic review and… (2023) | MD 1.501 [-0.630, 3.632] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Enamel pre-treatment with CPP-ACP before bonding metallic orthodontic brackets vs No enamel pre-treatment before bonding, or treatment with another material Shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic orthodontic brackets · Extracted permanent human teeth (enamel); sound or demineralized · Before bonding Shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded to enamel pretreated with CPP-ACP: a systematic review and… (2023) | MD 1.163 [-0.321, 2.648] | 15 studies · 1379 participants | Ungraded |
Bleaching gel with added remineralising agent (fluoride, calcium, or CPP-ACP) vs Bleaching alone (no remineralising agent) Whitening (bleaching) efficacy · Demineralised / white-spot-lesion enamel (in vitro specimens) Is Bleaching Effective in Managing Post-orthodontic White-spot Lesions? A Systematic Review. (2020) | Low-quality in vitro data indicated that the presence of fluoride or any other remineralising agent did not impair the whitening effect. | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Bleaching gel with added remineralising agent (fluoride, calcium, or CPP-ACP) vs Bleaching alone (no remineralising agent) Enamel mineral loss / remineralisation · Demineralised / white-spot-lesion enamel (in vitro specimens) Is Bleaching Effective in Managing Post-orthodontic White-spot Lesions? A Systematic Review. (2020) | Inconclusive: F/Ca/CPP-ACP additives reduced mineral loss on SOUND enamel (refs 8,10,16) but not verified for artificial caries lesions (ref 35) | 4 studies | Ungraded |
CPP-ACP agent (e.g., GC Tooth Mousse) vs Control (no treatment / negative control) Average enamel surface roughness · Extracted human teeth with early/artificial enamel lesions (in vitro) · 24 hours to 28 days Evaluation of the efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on remineralization of white… (2019) | SMD -8.21 [-10.37, -6.04] | 3 studies · 56 participants | Ungraded |
CPP-ACP paste (casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate) vs Baseline (same subjects, pre-treatment) Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF), fluorescence loss · Patients with white spot lesions (children/adolescents) · 4 weeks to 1 year, CPP-ACP vs baseline Evaluation of the efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on remineralization of white… (2019) | SMD -0.43 [-0.79, -0.07] | 2 studies · 62 participants | Ungraded |
CPP-ACP paste (casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate; e.g., Tooth Mousse/MI Paste) vs Placebo paste without CPP-ACP (fluoride toothpaste control) Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF), fluorescence loss · Patients with early enamel white spot lesions (children/adolescents, ages 2.5-18 years) · 4 weeks to 1 year Evaluation of the efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on remineralization of white… (2019) | MD 0.08 [-0.91, 1.08] | 2 studies · 129 participants | Ungraded |
Fluorides combined with CPP-ACP vs Fluorides alone (monotherapy) Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) change · Patients with early caries lesions in permanent teeth (non-fluoridated water area) · Post-treatment (4-12 weeks), Location of lesions: smooth surfaces Efficacy of fluorides and CPP-ACP vs fluorides monotherapy on early caries lesions: A systematic review and… (2018) | MD 0.26 [-0.50, 1.01] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Fluorides combined with CPP-ACP vs Fluorides alone (monotherapy) Visual inspection scores · Patients with early caries lesions in permanent teeth (non-fluoridated water area) · Post-treatment (4-24 weeks) Efficacy of fluorides and CPP-ACP vs fluorides monotherapy on early caries lesions: A systematic review and… (2018) | Not pooled (2 trials, different scoring criteria, standard deviations not reported). Brochner 2011: no significant difference; Andersson 2007: more lesions became invisible with fluorides + CPP-ACP. | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Fluorides combined with CPP-ACP vs Fluorides alone (monotherapy) Laser fluorescence (LF) change · Patients with early caries lesions in permanent teeth (non-fluoridated water area) · Post-treatment (3-12 weeks), Location of lesions: occlusal surfaces Efficacy of fluorides and CPP-ACP vs fluorides monotherapy on early caries lesions: A systematic review and… (2018) | MD -21.02 [-27.94, -14.10] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Fluorides combined with CPP-ACP vs Fluorides alone (monotherapy) Laser fluorescence (LF) change · Patients with early caries lesions in permanent teeth (non-fluoridated water area) · Post-treatment (12-24 weeks), Location of lesions: smooth surfaces Efficacy of fluorides and CPP-ACP vs fluorides monotherapy on early caries lesions: A systematic review and… (2018) | MD -13.90 [-39.25, 11.46] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Fluorides combined with CPP-ACP vs Fluorides alone (monotherapy) Total lesion area divided by total surface area (visual) · Patients with early caries lesions in permanent teeth (non-fluoridated water area) · Post-treatment (8-24 weeks), Location of lesions: smooth surfaces Efficacy of fluorides and CPP-ACP vs fluorides monotherapy on early caries lesions: A systematic review and… (2018) | MD 4.37 [-0.51, 9.26] | 2 studies | Ungraded |