Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,252 questions · 2,353 findings · 210 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 432 · 18.4%GRADE not reported 99 · 4.2%Very low 609 · 25.9%Low 737 · 31.3%Moderate 385 · 16.4%High 91 · 3.9%

L‐arginine vs placebo

Stage 1 NEC Bell's criteria · prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Arginine probably leads to lower stage 1 NEC Bell's criteria compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.37 [0.15, 0.9]
3 studies · 285 participants
Moderate

L‐arginine vs placebo

Stage 2 NEC Bell's criteria · prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Arginine showed no clear difference in stage 2 NEC Bell's criteria compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.51 [0.25, 1.06]
3 studies · 285 participants
Moderate

L‐arginine vs placebo

Stage 3 NEC Bell's criteria · prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Arginine showed no clear difference in stage 3 NEC Bell's criteria compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.13 [0.02, 1.03]
3 studies · 285 participants
Moderate

L‐arginine vs placebo

Mortality due to any cause · prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Arginine showed no clear difference in mortality due to any cause compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.41, 1.45]
3 studies · 285 participants
Low

L‐arginine vs placebo

Hypotension · prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Arginine showed no clear difference in side effects ‐ hypotension compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.41, 2.59]
2 studies · 192 participants
Moderate

Supine vs prone positioning

Episodes of apnoea · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 72 participants
Very low

Prone horizontal vs left lateral horizontal positioning

Episodes of oxygen desaturation · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 89 participants
Very low

Prone horizontal vs left lateral horizontal positioning

Episodes of severe apnoea · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 89 participants
Very low

Prone horizontal vs left lateral horizontal positioning

Episodes of bradycardia · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 89 participants
Very low

Prone horizontal vs left lateral horizontal positioning

Episodes of severe bradycardia · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 89 participants
Very low

Right lateral vs left lateral horizontal positioning

Episodes of apnoea · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 131 participants
Low

Right lateral vs left lateral horizontal positioning

Episodes of oxygen desaturation · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 89 participants
Very low

Right lateral vs left lateral horizontal positioning

Episodes of severe apnoea · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 89 participants
Very low

Right lateral vs left lateral horizontal positioning

Episodes of bradycardia · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 89 participants
Very low

Right lateral vs left lateral horizontal positioning

Episodes of severe bradycardia · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 89 participants
Very low

Prone horizontal vs prone head elevated positioning

Episodes of apnoea · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 129 participants
Low

Supine vs prone positioning

Episodes of oxygen desaturation · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 44 participants
Very low

Prone horizontal vs prone head elevated positioning

Episodes of oxygen desaturation · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 111 participants
Very low

Prone horizontal vs prone head elevated positioning

Episodes of severe apnoea · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 87 participants
Very low

Prone horizontal vs prone head elevated positioning

Episodes of bradycardia · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 111 participants
Low