Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,923 questions · 1,956 findings · 143 reviews · Musculoskeletal

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No studies found 555 · 28.4%GRADE not reported 107 · 5.5%Very low 255 · 13%Low 555 · 28.4%Moderate 357 · 18.3%High 127 · 6.5%

Electromagnetic field treatment vs placebo

Quality of life SF‐36 item Scale from: 0 to 100 (Lower scores mean worse quality) · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Electromagnetic fields for treating osteoarthritis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 145 participants
Moderate

Electromagnetic field treatment vs placebo

Radiographic progression Bone scintigraphic examinations · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Electromagnetic fields for treating osteoarthritis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 78 participants
GRADE not reported

Electromagnetic field treatment vs placebo

Number experiencing adverse effects · patients with osteoarthritis

Electromagnetic field treatment showed no clear difference in number of patients experiencing any adverse event compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electromagnetic fields for treating osteoarthritis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [0.72, 1.92]
4 studies · 288 participants
Moderate

Electromagnetic field treatment vs placebo

Number of patients who withdrew because of adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

Electromagnetic field treatment showed no clear difference in number of patients who withdrew because of adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electromagnetic fields for treating osteoarthritis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.06, 13.92]
1 study · 78 participants
Low

Topical NSAIDs vs placebo

Pain intensity (0‐10cm visual analogue scale) · Adults with lateral elbow pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 153 participants
Very low

Oral NSAIDs vs placebo

Functional disability at 3 months ‐ not measured · Adults with lateral elbow pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 292 participants
Low

Oral NSAIDs vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Adults with lateral elbow pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral NSAIDs vs placebo

Adverse events · Adults with lateral elbow pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 292 participants
GRADE not reported

Oral NSAIDs vs glucocorticoid injection

Pain 0 to 100 visual analogue scale and 10‐point Likert scale (lower score = less pain) · Adults with lateral elbow pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 126 participants
Very low

Oral NSAIDs vs glucocorticoid injection

Treatment success Fair, good or excellent effectiveness · Adults with lateral elbow pain

It is very uncertain whether oral NSAIDs changes treatment success Fair, good or excellent effectiveness compared with glucocorticoid injection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.74 [0.43, 1.26]
2 studies · 126 participants
Very low

Oral NSAIDs vs glucocorticoid injection

Quality of life · Adults with lateral elbow pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral NSAIDs vs glucocorticoid injection

Function/disability 10‐point Likert scale (lower score = less disability) · Adults with lateral elbow pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 105 participants
Low

Oral NSAIDs vs glucocorticoid injection

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Adults with lateral elbow pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral NSAIDs vs glucocorticoid injection

Adverse events · Adults with lateral elbow pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Topical NSAIDs vs placebo

Treatment success Fair, good or excellent effectiveness · Adults with lateral elbow pain

Topical NSAIDs may leads to higher treatment success Fair, good or excellent effectiveness compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.49 [1.04, 2.14]
1 study · 85 participants
Low

Topical NSAIDs vs placebo

Function/disability · Adults with lateral elbow pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Topical NSAIDs vs placebo

Quality of life · Adults with lateral elbow pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Topical NSAIDs vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Adults with lateral elbow pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 185 participants
Low

Topical NSAIDs vs placebo

Adverse events · Adults with lateral elbow pain

Topical NSAIDs showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.55 [0.2, 12.14]
3 studies · 153 participants
Low

Oral NSAIDs vs placebo

Pain 0 to 100 visual analogue scale and 10‐point Likert scale (lower score = less pain) · Adults with lateral elbow pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 292 participants
Very low