Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,535 questions · 3,601 findings · 252 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 726 · 20.2%GRADE not reported 421 · 11.7%Very low 828 · 23%Low 993 · 27.6%Moderate 486 · 13.5%High 147 · 4.1%

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation)

Death or neurodevelopmental impairment in early years · babies born preterm, and their mothers

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs UCM

Chronic lung disease · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease (CLD) ‐ oxygen supplement at 36 weeks… compared with UCM (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.53 [0.43, 5.48]
2 studies · 125 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs UCM

Maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater · babies born preterm, and their mothers

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

UCM vs ECC

Death of baby (up to discharge) · babies born preterm, and their mothers

UCM showed no clear difference in death of baby (up to discharge) compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.47, 1.41]
9 studies · 931 participants
Low

UCM vs ECC

Death or neurodevelopmental impairment at age 2 to 3 years · babies born preterm, and their mothers

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

UCM vs ECC

Severe intraventricular haemorrhage · babies born preterm, and their mothers

UCM showed no clear difference in severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH grades 3, 4) compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.39, 1.45]
6 studies · 618 participants
Low

UCM vs ECC

Intraventricular haemorrhage · babies born preterm, and their mothers

UCM showed no clear difference in intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH, all grades) compared with ECC (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.62, 1.18]
8 studies · 716 participants
Moderate

UCM vs ECC

Periventricular leukomalacia · babies born preterm, and their mothers

UCM showed no clear difference in periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.63 [0.15, 2.63]
3 studies · 315 participants
Low

UCM vs ECC

Chronic lung disease · babies born preterm, and their mothers

UCM showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease (CLD) ‐ oxygen supplement at 36 weeks… compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.64, 1.66]
7 studies · 682 participants
Low

UCM vs ECC

Maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater · babies born preterm, and their mothers

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 200 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation)

Severe intraventricular haemorrhage · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping showed no clear difference in severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH grades 3, 4) compared with ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.63, 1.39]
10 studies · 2058 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation)

Intraventricular haemorrhage · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping leads to lower intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH, all grades) compared with ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.7, 0.99]
15 studies · 2333 participants
High

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation)

Periventricular leukomalacia · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping showed no clear difference in periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) compared with ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.58 [0.26, 1.3]
4 studies · 1544 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation)

Chronic lung disease · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease (CLD) ‐ oxygen supplement at 36 weeks… compared with ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.94, 1.14]
6 studies · 1644 participants
High

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation)

Maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater · babies born preterm, and their mothers

It is very uncertain whether DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping changes maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater compared with ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.14 [0.07, 17.63]
2 studies · 180 participants
Very low

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact vs ECC

Death of baby (up to discharge) · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact showed no clear difference in death of baby (up to discharge) compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.47 [0.2, 1.11]
1 study · 270 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact vs ECC

Death or neurodevelopmental impairment at age 2 to 3 years · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact may leads to lower death or neurodevelopmental impairment at age 2 to 3 years compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.61 [0.39, 0.96]
1 study · 218 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Progestogens vs placebo/no treatment

Miscarriage · women with recurrent miscarriage of unclear etiology

Progestogen showed no clear difference in miscarriage (all trials) compared with placebo/no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Progestogen for preventing miscarriage in women with recurrent miscarriage of unclear etiology 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.73 [0.54, 1]
10 studies · 1684 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Progestogens vs placebo/no treatment

Live birth rate · women with recurrent miscarriage of unclear etiology

Progestogen showed no clear difference in live birth rate compared with placebo/no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Progestogen for preventing miscarriage in women with recurrent miscarriage of unclear etiology 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [1, 1.13]
6 studies · 1411 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Progestogens vs placebo/no treatment

Preterm birth · women with recurrent miscarriage of unclear etiology

It is very uncertain whether progestogen changes preterm birth compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Progestogen for preventing miscarriage in women with recurrent miscarriage of unclear etiology 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.13 [0.53, 2.41]
4 studies · 256 participants
Very low