What do systematic reviews say?

Extended prophylaxis vs placebo

Extended prophylaxis showed no clear difference in major bleedinge compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.84 [0.87, 3.85]
  5 studies · 2043 participants
  Low

Extended prophylaxis vs placebo

Extended prophylaxis showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortalityg compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1 [0.63, 1.57]
  5 studies · 2043 participants
  Moderate

Extended prophylaxis vs placebo

Extended prophylaxis showed no clear difference in clinically relevant non‐major bleedingh compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.78 [0.59, 5.33]
  4 studies · 1672 participants
  Low

Extended prophylaxis vs placebo

Extended prophylaxis showed no clear difference in strokei compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.15 [0.39, 3.46]
  2 studies · 1224 participants
  Low

Extended prophylaxis vs placebo

Extended prophylaxis showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1 [0.35, 2.87]
  3 studies · 1495 participants
  Low

Extended prophylaxis vs another VTE extended prophylaxis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Extended prophylaxis vs another VTE extended prophylaxis

VTE extended prophylaxis probably leads to lower recurrent VTEb compared with another VTE extended prophylaxis (moderate certainty).

• Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.28 [0.15, 0.54]
  1 study · 1389 participants
  Moderate

Any growth factor vs Placebo or no active treatment

Growth factors showed no clear difference in major limb amputation ( compared with placebo or no therapy (moderate certainty).

• Growth factors for angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.99 [0.71, 1.38]
  10 studies · 1075 participants
  Moderate

Any growth factor vs Placebo or no active treatment

Growth factors may leads to lower any limb amputation ( compared with placebo or no therapy (low certainty).

• Growth factors for angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.56 [0.31, 0.99]
  6 studies · 415 participants
  Low

Any growth factor vs Placebo or no active treatment

Growth factors showed no clear difference in death ( compared with placebo or no therapy (moderate certainty).

• Growth factors for angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.99 [0.69, 1.41]
  12 studies · 1371 participants
  Moderate

Any growth factor vs Placebo or no active treatment

Growth factors showed no clear difference in serious adverse events ( compared with placebo or no therapy (moderate certainty).

• Growth factors for angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.09 [0.79, 1.5]
  13 studies · 1411 participants
  Moderate

Any growth factor vs Placebo or no active treatment

Growth factors showed no clear difference in any adverse event ( compared with placebo or no therapy (moderate certainty).

• Growth factors for angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.1 [0.73, 1.64]
  13 studies · 1411 participants
  Moderate

NMES vs alternative prophylaxis

NMES showed no clear difference in total DVT compared with alternative prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for the prevention of venous thromboembolism 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.01 [0.6, 1.7]
  6 studies · 415 participants
  Low

NMES vs no prophylaxis

NMES showed no clear difference in PE compared with no prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for the prevention of venous thromboembolism 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.36 [0.12, 1.07]
  1 study · 77 participants
  Low

NMES vs no prophylaxis

NMES may leads to lower total VTE compared with no prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for the prevention of venous thromboembolism 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.23 [0.09, 0.59]
  1 study · 77 participants
  Low

NMES vs no prophylaxis

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for the prevention of venous thromboembolism 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 576 participants
  GRADE not reported

NMES vs low‐dose heparin

NMES may leads to higher total DVT compared with low‐dose heparin (low certainty).

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for the prevention of venous thromboembolism 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.78 [1.19, 6.48]
  2 studies · 194 participants
  Low

NMES vs low‐dose heparin

NMES showed no clear difference in asymptomatic DVT compared with low‐dose heparin (low certainty).

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for the prevention of venous thromboembolism 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.61 [0.4, 6.43]
  1 study · 89 participants
  Low

NMES vs low‐dose heparin

NMES showed no clear difference in symptomatic DVT compared with low‐dose heparin (low certainty).

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for the prevention of venous thromboembolism 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.4 [0.02, 10.07]
  1 study · 89 participants
  Low

NMES vs low‐dose heparin

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for the prevention of venous thromboembolism 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 194 participants
  GRADE not reported