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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

715 questions · 767 findings · 53 reviews · Back and Neck

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No studies found 149 · 19.4%GRADE not reported 41 · 5.3%Very low 168 · 21.9%Low 226 · 29.5%Moderate 156 · 20.3%High 27 · 3.5%

Therapeutic ultrasound vs placebo

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

It is very uncertain whether therapeutic ultrasound changes pain intensity Scale: VAS (100‐point scale; higher scores mean… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic ultrasound plus exercise vs exercise

Well‐being Scale: general health subscale of SF‐36 (higher scores mean worse well‐being) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

It is very uncertain whether therapeutic ultrasound plus exercise changes well‐being Scale: general health subscale of SF‐36 (higher scores… compared with exercise alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic ultrasound vs placebo

At least 30% reduction in pain · adults with chronic low‐back pain

Therapeutic ultrasound showed no clear difference in pain intensity Scale: VAS (number of responders at 30% reduction of… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic ultrasound vs placebo

Back‐specific functional status · adults with chronic low‐back pain

Therapeutic ultrasound showed no clear difference in back‐specific functional status Scale: Functional Rating Index,… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic ultrasound vs placebo

Well‐being Scale: general health subscale of SF‐36 (higher scores mean worse well‐being) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

Therapeutic ultrasound showed no clear difference in well‐being Scale: general health subscale of SF‐36 (higher scores… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic ultrasound plus exercise vs exercise

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

It is very uncertain whether therapeutic ultrasound plus exercise changes pain intensity Scale: VAS (100‐point scale; higher scores mean… compared with exercise alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Leg pain ‒short‐term · lumbosacral radicular pain

The intervention showed no clear difference in leg pain ‒short‐term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Disability ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Disability reported using multiple scales (RMDQ and ODI). Disability scores were converted to a common 0 to 100 scale. Higher scores indicate greater disability. · lumbosacral radicular pain

The intervention showed no clear difference in disability ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Disability… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review