Duration and time of healing of extraoral lesions; development of new extraoral lesions · Children and young adults under 25 years with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (with or without herpes labialis)
Systemic oral acyclovir led to lower number of individuals who developed new extraoral lesions after… compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
Borden 2002: mean change in halimeter-assessed VSC (ppb). Breath Rx: -66.84 at 2 weeks (67.65% reduction), -77.87 at 4 weeks (78.82% reduction); Placebo: -39.86 at 2 weeks, -36.77 at 4 weeks (41.75%). No between-group…
1 study
GRADE not reported
Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
Borden 2002: mean change in halimeter-assessed VSC (ppb). Oxygene: -47.63 at 2 weeks (64.97% reduction), -53.28 at 4 weeks (72.67% reduction); Placebo: -39.86 at 2 weeks, -36.77 at 4 weeks (41.75%). No between-group…
1 study
GRADE not reported
Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), gas chromatography · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
Kozlovsky 1996: peak VSC (ppb). Two-phase oil-water (0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride): 94 (SD 36) at baseline to 56 (SD 10) at week 6 (less than 40% reduction); Control essential oils (Listerine): 79 (SD 40) to 56 (SD…
1 study · 50 participants
GRADE not reported
Direct costs (medication, hospital bed days) · Children and young adults under 25 years with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (with or without herpes labialis)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
Rassameemasmaung 2007: halimeter-assessed VSC (ppb). Herbal (Garcinia mangostana L): 248.35 (SD 172.30) at baseline to 100.54 (SD 69.37) at day 15 (59.68% reduction, P < 0.05); Placebo: 237.45 (SD 114.15) to 176.83 (SD…
1 study · 60 participants
GRADE not reported
Organoleptic assessment of halitosis (mean change from baseline) · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
Winkel 2003 (2-week trial): mean change (SD) in organoleptic score (scale 0 to 5). 0.05% chlorhexidine + 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride + 0.14% zinc lactate: -1.13 (1.1), baseline 2.8 (0.5) to 1.5 (1.0) at day 14, P <…
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported
Self-esteem (Piers-Harris self-concept scale) · Children or adolescents aged 3 years or older with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) associated with non-syndromic submucous cleft palate
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Instrumental assessment: velopharyngeal complete closure and gap size (videonasopharyngoscopy and multiview videofluoroscopy) · Children or adolescents aged 3 years or older with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) associated with non-syndromic submucous cleft palate
1 finding from 1 review
Complete closure occurred in 32 (86%) of the participants in group 1 (MIPP) and in 31 (89%) in group 2, P > 0.05. After eliminating the nine patients with residual velopharyngeal insufficiency, the post-operative gap…
1 study · 72 participants
GRADE not reported
Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), gas chromatography · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
Winkel 2003: mean change (SD) in peak VSC (ppb). Mouthrinse: -120 (92), baseline 292 (141) to 172 (104) at day 14, P < 0.005; Placebo: 8 (145), baseline 352 (161) to 360 (254). The mouthrinse caused a significantly…
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported
Organoleptic assessment of halitosis (mean change from baseline) · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
Borden 2002: mean change in organoleptic score (scale 0 to 5). Breath Rx (cetylpyridinium chloride + essential oils + chlorine dioxide + zinc): -0.52 at 2 weeks, -0.41 at 4 weeks; Placebo: 0.23 at 2 weeks, 0.16 at 4…
1 study
GRADE not reported
Organoleptic assessment of halitosis (mean change from baseline) · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
Borden 2002: mean change in organoleptic score (scale 0 to 5). Oxygene (chlorine dioxide + zinc): 0 at 2 weeks, 0.06 at 4 weeks; Placebo: 0.23 at 2 weeks, 0.16 at 4 weeks. Oxygene did not appear to reduce organoleptic…
1 study
GRADE not reported
Number of individuals with eating difficulties (8 days after administration); duration of eating difficulties · Children and young adults under 25 years with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (with or without herpes labialis)
Systemic oral acyclovir led to lower number of individuals with eating difficulties (8 days after… compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events (tongue and tooth staining) · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
Winkel 2003: significantly more tongue staining (P < 0.001) and tooth staining (P < 0.002) were noted with the chlorhexidine + cetylpyridinium chloride + zinc lactate mouthrinse than with placebo.
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported
Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
Organoleptic assessment of halitosis (mean change from baseline) · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
Borden 2002: mean change in organoleptic score (scale 0 to 5). Essential oils (Listerine): 0.02 at 2 weeks, 0 at 4 weeks; Placebo: 0.23 at 2 weeks, 0.16 at 4 weeks. Listerine did not reduce organoleptic scores. No…
1 study
GRADE not reported
Difficulty in drinking (number with drinking difficulties) · Children and young adults under 25 years with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (with or without herpes labialis)
Systemic oral acyclovir led to lower number of individuals with drinking difficulties (8 days after… compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Number of individuals admitted to hospital after administration · Children and young adults under 25 years with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (with or without herpes labialis)
Systemic oral acyclovir showed no clear difference in number of individuals admitted to hospital after administration compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
Borden 2002: mean change in halimeter-assessed VSC (ppb). Essential oils (Listerine): -43.22 at 2 weeks (48.54% reduction), -68.90 at 4 weeks (77.39% reduction); Placebo: -39.86 at 2 weeks (45.25%), -36.77 at 4 weeks…
1 study
GRADE not reported
Organoleptic assessment (indirect surrogate salivary organoleptic score) · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review