Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,494 questions · 1,521 findings · 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary

No studies found 303 · 19.9%GRADE not reported 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%

Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation

Mortality at maximal · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous alcohol injection changes mortality at maximal compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation

Cancer‐related mortality at maximal · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

Percutaneous alcohol injection may leads to higher cancer‐related mortality at maximal compared with radiofrequency ablation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation

Serious adverse events (number of participants) · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous alcohol injection changes serious adverse events (number of participants) compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation

Serious adverse events (number of events) · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous alcohol injection changes serious adverse events (number of events) compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct‐acting antivirals vs control

Proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse event at maximum · adults with chronic hepatitis C

It is very uncertain whether direct‐acting antivirals changes proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse event at… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct‐acting antivirals vs control

Proportion of participants with no sustained virological response at maximum · adults with chronic hepatitis C

Direct‐acting antivirals may leads to lower proportion of participants with no sustained virological response at… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct‐acting antivirals withdrawn from the market vs control

Proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse event at maximum · adults with chronic hepatitis C

It is very uncertain whether direct‐acting antivirals withdrawn from the market changes proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse event at… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct‐acting antivirals withdrawn from the market vs control

Proportion of participants with no sustained virological response at maximum · adults with chronic hepatitis C

Direct‐acting antivirals withdrawn from the market may leads to lower proportion of participants with no sustained virological response at… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐absorbable disaccharides vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

Non‐absorbable disaccharides probably leads to lower mortality compared with placebo/no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactulose vs lactitol

Non‐serious adverse events (secondary outcome) · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether lactulose changes non‐serious adverse events (secondary outcome) compared with lactitol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐absorbable disaccharides vs placebo or no intervention

Hepatic encephalopathy · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

Non‐absorbable disaccharides probably leads to lower hepatic encephalopathy compared with placebo/no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐absorbable disaccharides vs placebo or no intervention

Serious adverse events · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

Non‐absorbable disaccharides probably leads to lower serious adverse events compared with placebo/no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review