Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,495 questions · 1,554 findings · 140 reviews · Heart

No studies found 272 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 44 · 2.8%Very low 329 · 21.2%Low 464 · 29.9%Moderate 319 · 20.5%High 126 · 8.1%

clopidogrel plus aspirin vs aspirin

Major bleeding · people with coronary disease, ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease or at high risk of atherothrombotic disease

clopidogrel plus aspirin probably leads to higher major bleeding compared with aspirin alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

clopidogrel plus aspirin vs aspirin

Minor bleeding · people with coronary disease, ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease or at high risk of atherothrombotic disease

clopidogrel plus aspirin probably leads to higher minor bleeding compared with aspirin alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Folic Acid, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12) vs placebo or usual care

Myocardial infarction · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine;… showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction compared with placebo or standard care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Folic Acid, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12) vs placebo or usual care

Stroke · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine;… leads to lower stroke compared with placebo or standard care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Folic Acid, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12) vs placebo or usual care

Death by any cause · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine;… showed no clear difference in death by any cause compared with placebo or standard care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Folic Acid, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12) vs placebo or usual care

Adverse events · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine;… showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo or standard care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (high dose) vs homocysteine‐lowering interventions (low dose)

Myocardial infarction · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (high dose) showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction compared with homocysteine‐lowering interventions (low dose) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (high dose) vs homocysteine‐lowering interventions (low dose)

Stroke · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

It is very uncertain whether homocysteine‐lowering interventions (high dose) changes stroke compared with homocysteine‐lowering interventions (low dose) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (high dose) vs homocysteine‐lowering interventions (low dose)

Death by any cause · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (high dose) showed no clear difference in death by any cause compared with homocysteine‐lowering interventions (low dose) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

CVD events · adults without prevalent cardiovascular disease (primary cardiovascular disease prevention)

The intervention showed no clear difference in CVD events (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Total cholesterol (mmol/L) · adults without prevalent cardiovascular disease (primary cardiovascular disease prevention)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) · adults without prevalent cardiovascular disease (primary cardiovascular disease prevention)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Change in multivariable CVD risk (SD) · adults without prevalent cardiovascular disease (primary cardiovascular disease prevention)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Investigator‐defined adverse events · adults without prevalent cardiovascular disease (primary cardiovascular disease prevention)

The intervention showed no clear difference in investigator‐defined adverse events (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review