Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

962 questions · 1,000 findings · 69 reviews · Urology

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No studies found 196 · 19.6%GRADE not reported 33 · 3.3%Very low 198 · 19.8%Low 354 · 35.4%Moderate 206 · 20.6%High 13 · 1.3%

Vaccine treatment vs standard therapies

Quality of life · previously untreated patients with mRCC

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vaccine treatment vs standard therapies

Adverse events (grade ≥ 3) · previously untreated patients with mRCC

Vaccine treatment showed no clear difference in adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with standard therapies (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.16 [0.97, 1.39]
2 studies · 1065 participants
Low

Interferon‐α alone vs standard targeted therapies

QoL · previously untreated patients with mRCC

5 findings from 1 review

Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 730 participants
Low
Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 730 participants
Low
Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 730 participants
Low

Show 2 more findings

Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1002 participants
Low
Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1002 participants
Low

Targeted immunotherapy alone vs standard targeted therapies

1‐year mortality · previously treated patients with mRCC

Targeted immunotherapy alone probably leads to lower 1‐year mortality compared with standard targeted therapies (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.7 [0.56, 0.87]
1 study · 821 participants
Moderate

Targeted immunotherapy alone vs standard targeted therapies

Quality of life: improved to an important degree · previously treated patients with mRCC

Targeted immunotherapy alone probably leads to higher quality of life: Clinically relevant improvement in FKSI‐DRS compared with standard targeted therapies (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.51 [1.28, 1.78]
1 study · 704 participants
Moderate
Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.37
1 study · 703 participants
Moderate

Targeted immunotherapy alone vs standard targeted therapies

Adverse events (grade ≥ 3) · previously treated patients with mRCC

Targeted immunotherapy alone probably leads to lower adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with standard targeted therapies (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.51 [0.4, 0.65]
1 study · 803 participants
Moderate

Interferon‐α alone vs standard targeted therapies

Adverse events (grade ≥ 3) · previously untreated patients with mRCC

Interferon‐α alone may leads to higher adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with standard targeted therapies (sunitinib or temsirolimus) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [1.03, 1.32]
1 study · 408 participants
Low

Interferon‐α combined with targeted therapies vs standard targeted therapies

1‐year mortality · previously untreated patients with mRCC

Interferon‐α combined with targeted therapies showed no clear difference in 1‐year mortality compared with standard targeted therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.13 [0.95, 1.34]
1 study · 419 participants
Moderate

Interferon‐α combined with targeted therapies vs standard targeted therapies

Quality of life · previously untreated patients with mRCC

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Postoperative MMC‐EMDA induction vs postoperative BCG induction therapy

Time to recurrence

It is very uncertain whether postoperative MMC‐EMDA induction changes time to recurrence compared with postoperative BCG induction therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.64, 1.76]
1 study · 72 participants
Very low

Postoperative MMC‐EMDA induction vs MMC‐PD induction therapy

Disease‐specific quality of life ‐ not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Postoperative MMC‐EMDA with sequential BCG induction and maintenance vs postoperative BCG induction and maintenance therapy

Time to recurrence

Postoperative MMC‐EMDA with sequential BCG induction and maintenance may leads to lower time to recurrence compared with postoperative BCG induction and maintenance therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.51 [0.34, 0.77]
1 study · 212 participants
Low

Postoperative MMC‐EMDA with sequential BCG induction and maintenance vs postoperative BCG induction and maintenance therapy

Time to progression

Postoperative MMC‐EMDA with sequential BCG induction and maintenance may leads to lower time to progression compared with postoperative BCG induction and maintenance therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.36 [0.17, 0.75]
1 study · 212 participants
Low

Postoperative MMC‐EMDA with sequential BCG induction and maintenance vs postoperative BCG induction and maintenance therapy

Serious adverse events

It is very uncertain whether postoperative MMC‐EMDA with sequential BCG induction and maintenance changes serious adverse events compared with postoperative BCG induction and maintenance therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.21, 4.94]
1 study · 212 participants
Very low

Postoperative MMC‐EMDA with sequential BCG induction and maintenance vs postoperative BCG induction and maintenance therapy

Disease‐specific survival

Postoperative MMC‐EMDA with sequential BCG induction and maintenance may leads to lower disease‐specific survival compared with postoperative BCG induction and maintenance therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.31 [0.12, 0.8]
1 study · 212 participants
Low

Postoperative MMC‐EMDA with sequential BCG induction and maintenance vs postoperative BCG induction and maintenance therapy

Disease‐specific quality of life ‐ not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD

Time to recurrence

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA probably leads to lower time to recurrence compared with single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.47 [0.32, 0.69]
1 study · 236 participants
Moderate

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD

Time to progression

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA changes time to progression compared with single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.81 [0, 259.93]
1 study · 236 participants
Very low

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD

Serious adverse events

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA changes serious adverse events compared with single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.3, 2.05]
1 study · 236 participants
Very low

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD

Disease‐specific survival

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA showed no clear difference in disease‐specific survival compared with single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.99 [0.74, 1.32]
1 study · 236 participants
Low