Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

767 questions · 780 findings · 55 reviews · Public Health

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No studies found 162 · 20.8%GRADE not reported 52 · 6.7%Very low 231 · 29.6%Low 191 · 24.5%Moderate 122 · 15.6%High 22 · 2.8%

Activity interventions vs control

Serious adverse events · children aged 12 to 18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 5428 participants
Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Body‐mass index (BMI) · children aged 12 to 18 years

3 findings from 1 review

Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 3429 participants
High
Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 5612 participants
Moderate
Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 8736 participants
Moderate

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

zBMI short term (12 weeks from baseline to < 9 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 515 participants
Very low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

zBMI medium term (9 months to < 15 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 3511 participants
Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

zBMI long term (> 15 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 8430 participants
Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Serious adverse events · children aged 12 to 18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 2394 participants
Very low

Dietary interventions vs control

zBMI short term (12 weeks from baseline to < 9 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 3154 participants
Low

Dietary interventions vs control

zBMI medium term (9 months to < 15 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 112 participants
Low

Dietary interventions vs control

zBMI long term (> 15 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1089 participants
Very low

Dietary interventions vs control

Serious adverse events · children aged 12 to 18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 377 participants
Low

Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings

Anaemia · population aged 2 years and above (Ballot 1989a (C) ‐ > 10 years, Chen 2005 (C) ‐ >3 years; Huo 2002 ‐ 11‐17 years, Longfils 2008‐ 6‐21…

It is very uncertain whether condiments/seasonings fortified with iron changes anaemia (defined as haemoglobin below WHO cut‐off for age and… compared with unfortified condiments/seasonings (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.34 [0.18, 0.65]
4 studies · 2328 participants
Very low

Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron

Iron deficiency (as defined by study authors, based on a biomarker of iron status) · population aged 2 years and above (Andersson 2008 ‐ 5‐18 years, Asibey‐Berko 2007 ~ 3 years, Chen Ke 2008 ‐ 2‐6 years, Haas 2014 ‐ women…

Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients may leads to lower iron deficiency (as defined by the trialists based on a biomarker of… compared with condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.36 [0.19, 0.69]
4 studies · 1154 participants
Low

Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron

Ferritin (µg/L) · population aged 2 years and above (Andersson 2008 ‐ 5‐18 years, Asibey‐Berko 2007 ~ 3 years, Chen Ke 2008 ‐ 2‐6 years, Haas 2014 ‐ women…

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1251 participants
Very low

Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron

Transferrin saturation · population aged 2 years and above (Andersson 2008 ‐ 5‐18 years, Asibey‐Berko 2007 ~ 3 years, Chen Ke 2008 ‐ 2‐6 years, Haas 2014 ‐ women…

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron

Total iron binding capacity · population aged 2 years and above (Andersson 2008 ‐ 5‐18 years, Asibey‐Berko 2007 ~ 3 years, Chen Ke 2008 ‐ 2‐6 years, Haas 2014 ‐ women…

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 158 participants
Low

Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron

Adverse effects · population aged 2 years and above (Andersson 2008 ‐ 5‐18 years, Asibey‐Berko 2007 ~ 3 years, Chen Ke 2008 ‐ 2‐6 years, Haas 2014 ‐ women…

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings

Haemoglobin (g/dL) · population aged 2 years and above (Ballot 1989a (C) ‐ > 10 years, Chen 2005 (C) ‐ >3 years; Huo 2002 ‐ 11‐17 years, Longfils 2008‐ 6‐21…

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 2808 participants
Very low

Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings

Iron deficiency (as defined by study authors, based on a biomarker of iron status) · population aged 2 years and above (Ballot 1989a (C) ‐ > 10 years, Chen 2005 (C) ‐ >3 years; Huo 2002 ‐ 11‐17 years, Longfils 2008‐ 6‐21…

Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron showed no clear difference in iron deficiency (as defined by the trialists based on a biomarker of… compared with unfortified condiments/seasonings (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.11, 1.01]
2 studies · 391 participants
Moderate

Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings

Ferritin (µg/L) · population aged 2 years and above (Ballot 1989a (C) ‐ > 10 years, Chen 2005 (C) ‐ >3 years; Huo 2002 ‐ 11‐17 years, Longfils 2008‐ 6‐21…

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 4459 participants
Very low

Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings

Transferrin saturation · population aged 2 years and above (Ballot 1989a (C) ‐ > 10 years, Chen 2005 (C) ‐ >3 years; Huo 2002 ‐ 11‐17 years, Longfils 2008‐ 6‐21…

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 240 participants
Low