Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

996 questions · 1,049 findings · 79 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement

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No studies found 240 · 22.9%GRADE not reported 31 · 3%Very low 216 · 20.6%Low 253 · 24.1%Moderate 238 · 22.7%High 71 · 6.8%

Summary of findings for spaced retrieval training programme for people with dementia vs no intervention

Nutritional status, measured by body weight (kg, · people with dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Very low

Summary of findings for spaced retrieval training programme for people with dementia vs no intervention

Mealtime behaviour · people with dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 54 participants
Very low

Summary of findings for additional food items between meals vs usual care

Nutritional status, measured by body weight (kg, · people with dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Very low

Summary of findings for Montessori‐based activities training programme for people with dementia vs no intervention

Food and fluid intake, measured as amount of served food eaten (percentage, · people with dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 54 participants
Very low

Summary of findings for Montessori‐based activities training programme for people with dementia vs no intervention

Nutritional status · people with dementia

3 findings from 1 review

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 54 participants
Very low
Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Very low
Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Very low

Summary of findings for Montessori‐based activities training programme for people with dementia vs no intervention

Mealtime behaviour · people with dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 54 participants
Very low

Summary of findings for feeding skills training programme for nurses vs no intervention

Food and fluid intake, measured as amount of served food eaten (percentage, · people with dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Summary of findings for feeding skills training programme for nurses vs no intervention

Nutritional status not measured · people with dementia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings for feeding skills training programme for nurses vs no intervention

Mealtime behaviour · people with dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Summary of findings for verbal and physical encouragement by touch vs only verbal encouragement during meals

Food and fluid intake, measured by calories consumed per meal (kcal, · people with dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Low

Summary of findings for verbal and physical encouragement by touch vs only verbal encouragement during meals

Food and fluid intake, measured by protein consumed per meal (grams, · people with dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Low

Summary of findings for additional food items between meals vs usual care

Mealtime behaviour not measured · people with dementia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings for verbal and physical encouragement by touch vs only verbal encouragement during meals

Nutritional status not measured · people with dementia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings for verbal and physical encouragement by touch vs only verbal encouragement during meals

Mealtime behaviour not measured · people with dementia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings for education and nutrition promotion programme vs no intervention

Food and fluid intake, measured by total protein intake (g/kg of body weight, · people with dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 78 participants
Low

Summary of findings for education and nutrition promotion programme vs no intervention

Nutritional status · people with dementia

3 findings from 1 review

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 656 participants
Low
Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 52 participants
Low
Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 734 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings for education and nutrition promotion programme vs no intervention

Nutritional status, measured by body weight (kg, · people with dementia

2 findings from 1 review

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 52 participants
Low
Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 656 participants
Moderate

B vitamins vs placebo

Incidence of dementia ‐ not measured · MCI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin E vs placebo

Cognitive subdomain: episodic memory measured at the end of · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Low

Vitamin E vs placebo

Executive functioning · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Low