Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,234 questions · 2,325 findings · 216 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 249 · 10.7%GRADE not reported 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%

Behavioural intervention vs control

N deemed adherent (≥4 hours/night) · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

Behavioural intervention leads to higher 3.3 N deemed adherent (≥ four hours/night) compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.7 [1.2, 2.41]
6 studies · 549 participants
High

Behavioural intervention vs control

1.4 Withdrawal ‐ NO META‐ANALYSIS PERFORMED · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

Behavioural intervention leads to lower 3.4 Withdrawal compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.66 [0.44, 0.98]
10 studies · 939 participants
High

Behavioural intervention vs control

Daytime sleepiness (ESS): endpoint score. · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 271 participants
Low

Behavioural intervention vs control

AHI · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 89 participants
Very low

Behavioural intervention vs control

QoL · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

2 findings from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 228 participants
Moderate
Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 200 participants
GRADE not reported

Educational intervention vs control

1.2 CPAP device usage (hours/night), sensitivity analysis: adherence in control group < four hours/night · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 698 participants
Very low

Mixed (BEH/EDU/SUP) intervention vs control

Machine usage Hours per night · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 4509 participants
Very low

Mixed (BEH/EDU/SUP) intervention vs control

1.2 CPAP device usage (hours/night), sensitivity analysis: adherence in control group < four hours/night · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 343 participants
Very low

Mixed (BEH/EDU/SUP) intervention vs control

N deemed adherent (≥4 hours/night) · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

It is very uncertain whether mixed (BEH/EDU/SUP) intervention changes 4.3 N deemed adherent (≥ four hours/night) compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.71 [1.08, 2.72]
9 studies · 4015 participants
Very low

Mixed (BEH/EDU/SUP) intervention vs control

1.4 Withdrawal ‐ NO META‐ANALYSIS PERFORMED · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

It is very uncertain whether mixed (BEH/EDU/SUP) intervention changes 4.4 Withdrawal compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.61 [0.28, 1.3]
11 studies · 4956 participants
Very low

Mixed (BEH/EDU/SUP) intervention vs control

QoL · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 3012 participants
Low

Mixed (BEH/EDU/SUP) intervention vs control

Anxiety · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 333 participants
Very low

Educational intervention vs control

N deemed adherent (≥4 hours/night) · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

It is very uncertain whether educational intervention changes 1.3 N deemed adherent (≥ four hours/night) compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.58 [1.5, 4.44]
7 studies · 1019 participants
Very low

Educational intervention vs control

1.4 Withdrawal ‐ NO META‐ANALYSIS PERFORMED · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 1745 participants
GRADE not reported

Educational intervention vs control

1.5 ESS ‐ Comparison of values at endpoint‐ NO META‐ANALYSIS PERFORMED · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 355 participants
GRADE not reported

Supportive intervention vs control

Machine usage Hours per night · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 1426 participants
Moderate

Supportive intervention vs control

1.2 CPAP device usage (hours/night), sensitivity analysis: adherence in control group < four hours/night · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 735 participants
High

Supportive intervention vs control

N deemed adherent (≥4 hours/night) · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

Supportive intervention may leads to higher 2.3 N deemed adherent (≥ four hours/night) compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.68 [1.08, 2.6]
2 studies · 376 participants
Low

Supportive intervention vs control

Total number of withdrawals · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea

Supportive intervention showed no clear difference in 2.4 Withdrawals compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.27 [0.97, 1.66]
11 studies · 1702 participants
Low

Sublingual immunotherapy vs control

Exacerbation requiring ED or hospital visit Weighted mean duration of studies: 31 weeks · people with asthma

It is very uncertain whether sublingual immunotherapy changes exacerbation requiring ED or hospital visit Weighted mean duration… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sublingual immunotherapy for asthma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.35 [0.1, 1.2]
2 studies · 108 participants
Very low