What do systematic reviews say?

Alpha‐blockers vs placebo

Alpha‐blockers showed no clear difference in surgical intervention compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Alpha‐blockers as medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.7, 1.24]
  5 studies · 1458 participants
  High

Alpha‐blockers vs usual care

Alpha‐blockers showed no clear difference in major adverse events compared with standard therapy (low certainty).

• Alpha‐blockers as medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.25 [0.8, 1.96]
  18 studies · 3124 participants
  Low

Alpha‐blockers vs usual care

• Alpha‐blockers as medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  37 studies · 6031 participants
  Low

Alpha‐blockers vs usual care

• Alpha‐blockers as medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  15 studies · 1363 participants
  Low

Alpha‐blockers vs usual care

• Alpha‐blockers as medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 4373 participants
  Low

Alpha‐blockers vs usual care

Alpha‐blockers probably leads to lower hospitalisation compared with standard therapy (moderate certainty).

• Alpha‐blockers as medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.51 [0.34, 0.77]
  13 studies · 1876 participants
  Moderate

Alpha‐blockers vs usual care

Alpha‐blockers showed no clear difference in surgical intervention compared with standard therapy (low certainty).

• Alpha‐blockers as medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.53, 1.02]
  19 studies · 3292 participants
  Low

Alpha‐blockers vs placebo

Alpha‐blockers probably leads to higher stone clearance compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Alpha‐blockers as medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [1.07, 1.25]
  15 studies · 5787 participants
  Moderate

Alpha‐blockers vs placebo

Alpha‐blockers probably leads to higher major adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Alpha‐blockers as medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.09 [1.13, 3.86]
  10 studies · 1650 participants
  Moderate

PDEI vs placebo

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 4293 participants
  Low

PDEI plus alpha‐blocker vs PDEI alone

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40 participants
  Low

PDEI plus alpha‐blocker vs PDEI alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PDEI plus alpha‐blocker vs PDEI alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PDEI + 5‐ARI vs 5‐ARI alone

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 695 participants
  Moderate
• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 695 participants
  Moderate

PDEI + 5‐ARI vs 5‐ARI alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PDEI + 5‐ARI vs 5‐ARI alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.84, 1.36]
  1 study · 695 participants
  Low

PDEI vs placebo

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 3646 participants
  Low

PDEI vs placebo

PDEI may leads to higher adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.42 [1.21, 1.67]
  11 studies · 4386 participants
  Low

PDEI vs alpha‐blocker

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 933 participants
  Moderate

PDEI vs alpha‐blocker

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 550 participants
  Low