Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,495 questions · 1,554 findings · 140 reviews · Heart

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No studies found 272 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 44 · 2.8%Very low 329 · 21.2%Low 464 · 29.9%Moderate 319 · 20.5%High 126 · 8.1%

Multidisciplinary disease management programmes vs usual care

Adverse effects · adults with heart failure

1 finding from 1 review

Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 496 participants
Moderate

Case management vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · adults with heart failure

Case management may leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.78 [0.68, 0.9]
26 studies · 6903 participants
Low

Multidisciplinary disease management programmes vs usual care

Quality of life (MLHFQ): from 0 to 105 · adults with heart failure

1 finding from 1 review

Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 140 participants
Very low

Multidisciplinary disease management programmes vs usual care

Costs and cost‐effectiveness · adults with heart failure

1 finding from 1 review

Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 117 participants
Low

Case management vs usual care

HF readmissions · adults with heart failure

Case management probably leads to lower HF readmissions compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.64 [0.53, 0.78]
12 studies · 2528 participants
Moderate

Case management vs usual care

Patient readmissions · adults with heart failure

Case management showed no clear difference in all‐cause readmissions compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.83, 1.01]
14 studies · 4539 participants
Moderate

Case management vs usual care

Adverse effects · adults with heart failure

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Case management vs usual care

Quality of life (MLHFQ): from 0 to 105 · adults with heart failure

1 finding from 1 review

Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 1595 participants
Very low

Case management vs usual care

Costs and cost‐effectiveness · adults with heart failure

1 finding from 1 review

Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 2369 participants
Low

Clinic‐based intervention vs usual care

HF mortality · adults with heart failure

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Clinic‐based intervention vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · adults with heart failure

Clinic‐based intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.87 [0.68, 1.1]
7 studies · 1686 participants
Low

Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs placebo

Survival to hospital discharge · people suffering cardiac arrest

Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) probably leads to higher survival to hospital discharge compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.44 [1.11, 1.86]
2 studies · 8538 participants
Moderate

Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs vasopressin

Survival to hospital admission · people suffering cardiac arrest

Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) may leads to higher survival to hospital admission compared with vasopressin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.27 [1.04, 1.54]
3 studies · 1953 participants
Low

Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs vasopressin

Favourable neurological outcomes · people suffering cardiac arrest

It is very uncertain whether standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) changes favourable neurological outcomes compared with vasopressin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.54, 1.25]
4 studies · 2406 participants
Very low

Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs vasopressin

Return of spontaneous circulation · people suffering cardiac arrest

It is very uncertain whether standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) changes return of spontaneous circulation compared with vasopressin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.9, 1.33]
6 studies · 2531 participants
Very low

Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs SDA plus vasopressin

Survival to hospital discharge · people suffering cardiac arrest

It is very uncertain whether standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) changes survival to hospital discharge compared with SDA plus vasopressin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.76 [0.47, 1.22]
3 studies · 3242 participants
Very low

Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs SDA plus vasopressin

Survival to hospital admission · people suffering cardiac arrest

Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) showed no clear difference in survival to hospital admission compared with SDA plus vasopressin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.83, 1.08]
3 studies · 3249 participants
Low

Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs SDA plus vasopressin

Favourable neurological outcomes · people suffering cardiac arrest

It is very uncertain whether standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) changes favourable neurological outcomes compared with SDA plus vasopressin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.65 [0.33, 1.31]
1 study · 2887 participants
Very low

Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs SDA plus vasopressin

Return of spontaneous circulation · people suffering cardiac arrest

Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) showed no clear difference in return of spontaneous circulation compared with SDA plus vasopressin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.87, 1.08]
3 studies · 3249 participants
Low

Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs placebo

Survival to hospital admission · people suffering cardiac arrest

Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) probably leads to higher survival to hospital admission compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.51 [1.67, 3.76]
2 studies · 8489 participants
Moderate