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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,014 questions · 1,050 findings · 42 reviews · Incontinence

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No studies found 391 · 37.2%GRADE not reported 82 · 7.8%Very low 199 · 19%Low 206 · 19.6%Moderate 150 · 14.3%High 22 · 2.1%

Tricyclic antidepressants vs behavioural interventions

Number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of treatment ‐ imipramine vs 3 step therapy (reassurance, retention control training + wakening, parental involvement) · children with nocturnal enuresis

Tricyclics may leads to higher number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of… compared with behavioural interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tricyclic antidepressants vs behavioural interventions

Number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of treatment ‐ imipramine vs 3 step therapy + motivation/counselling + education · children with nocturnal enuresis

Tricyclics may leads to higher number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of… compared with behavioural interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tricyclic antidepressants vs behavioural interventions

Number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights or relapsing at · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether tricyclics changes number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights or relapsing at compared with behavioural interventions (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number of wet nights per week at the end of treatment ‐ imipramine + oxybutynin vs imipramine · children with nocturnal enuresis
1 finding from 1 review

Tricyclic antidepressants vs placebo

Number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of treatment ‐ amitriptyline vs placebo · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether tricyclics changes number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number of wet nights per week at the end of treatment ‐ Amitriptyline + desmopressin vs amitriptyline · children with nocturnal enuresis
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of treatment ‐ imipramine + oxybutynin vs placebo · children with nocturnal enuresis

The intervention probably leads to lower number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

It is very uncertain whether electrical stimulation changes participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback

Participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Electrical stimulation showed no clear difference in participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review