Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

671 questions · 731 findings · 61 reviews · Drugs and Alcohol

No studies found 57 · 7.8%GRADE not reported 39 · 5.3%Very low 186 · 25.4%Low 239 · 32.7%Moderate 171 · 23.4%High 39 · 5.3%

Antidepressants vs placebo

Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants probably leads to higher adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ Tricyclics versus placebo: "very much" or "much" improvement on the Clinical Global Impression scale · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

The intervention probably leads to higher severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ Tricyclics versus… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: Tricyclics versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

The intervention leads to higher adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: Tricyclics versus… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: SSRI versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: SSRI versus placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition

Dropout ‐ Studies with low risk of bias · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants showed no clear difference in dropout ‐ Studies with low risk of bias compared with placebo according to any definition (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition

> 50% reduction in depressive symptoms · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants showed no clear difference in severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ >50% reduction in… compared with placebo according to any definition (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review