Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,187 questions · 1,248 findings · 108 reviews · Stroke

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No studies found 275 · 22%GRADE not reported 56 · 4.5%Very low 269 · 21.6%Low 349 · 28%Moderate 216 · 17.3%High 83 · 6.7%

Mixed training vs control

Physical fitness · people with stroke

Mixed training showed no clear difference in physical fitness compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical fitness training for stroke patients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 1.4
2 studies · 140 participants
Low

Mixed training vs control

Mobility · people with stroke

Mixed training showed no clear difference in mobility compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical fitness training for stroke patients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 4.71
10 studies · 738 participants
Moderate

Mixed training vs control

Physical function · people with stroke

Mixed training showed no clear difference in physical function compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical fitness training for stroke patients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 2.12
9 studies · 419 participants
Low

Cardiorespiratory training vs control

Dead or dependent · people with stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Physical fitness training for stroke patients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Cardiorespiratory training vs control

Disability · people with stroke

Cardiorespiratory training showed no clear difference in disability compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical fitness training for stroke patients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
SMD 0.52
8 studies · 462 participants
Moderate

Cardiorespiratory training vs control

Physical fitness · people with stroke

Cardiorespiratory training showed no clear difference in physical fitness compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical fitness training for stroke patients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 3.4
9 studies · 438 participants
Moderate

Cardiorespiratory training vs control

Mobility · people with stroke

Cardiorespiratory training showed no clear difference in mobility compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical fitness training for stroke patients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 4.47
12 studies · 588 participants
High

Cardiorespiratory training vs control

Physical function · people with stroke

Cardiorespiratory training showed no clear difference in physical function compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical fitness training for stroke patients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 1.92
8 studies · 471 participants
Moderate

Resistance training vs control

Death Analysis 1.1 · people with stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Physical fitness training for stroke patients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
20 studies · 803 participants
Low

Resistance training vs control

Dead or dependent · people with stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Physical fitness training for stroke patients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Resistance training vs control

Disability · people with stroke

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Physical fitness training for stroke patients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antidepressants vs placebo

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions (antidepressants) changes depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end treatment… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.37, 0.68]
9 studies · 734 participants
Very low

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Depression: mean scores at end of treatment (Analysis 1.4) · people with stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 132 participants
GRADE not reported

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Psychological distress post‐treatment · people with stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 450 participants
GRADE not reported

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

General health · people with stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 240 participants
GRADE not reported

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Social activities: mean scores at end of treatment (Analysis 2.10) · people with stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 690 participants
Very low

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Activities of daily living · people with stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 879 participants
GRADE not reported

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (Analysis 1.14) · people with stroke

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (Analysis 2.16) compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.18 [0.73, 1.91]
5 studies · 975 participants
Very low

Antidepressants vs placebo

Scoring above cut‐off points for a depressive disorder at end of treatment (Analysis 1.2) · people with stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Antidepressants vs placebo

Depression: mean scores at end of treatment (Analysis 1.4) · people with stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 100 participants
Very low