Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

729 questions · 775 findings · 58 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma

No studies found 166 · 21.4%GRADE not reported 24 · 3.1%Very low 356 · 45.9%Low 162 · 20.9%Moderate 47 · 6.1%High 20 · 2.6%

NMES vs exercise

Knee function (short term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation changes knee function (short term) Arpège function scale (0 to 18; higher… compared with exercise (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multinutrient supplements (oral) vs control

Participants with complications (e.g. pressure sore, chest infection) at end of study · Older people undergoing hip fracture aftercare

Multinutrient supplements (oral) may leads to lower participants with complications (e.g. pressure sore, chest… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multinutrient supplements (oral) vs control

Disability (unfavourable outcomes: death, vegetative state, severe disability; GOS 1‐3) at end of scheduled · Older people undergoing hip fracture aftercare

It is very uncertain whether multinutrient supplements (oral) changes unfavourable outcome 7 by end of study compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multinutrient supplements (oral) vs control

Putative side effects of treatment (e.g. vomiting and diarrhoea) · Older people undergoing hip fracture aftercare

It is very uncertain whether multinutrient supplements (oral) changes putative side effects of treatment (e.g. vomiting and diarrhoea) compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multinutrient supplements (nasogastric) vs control

Participants with complications (e.g. pressure sore, aspiration pneumonia) at end of study · Older people undergoing hip fracture aftercare

It is very uncertain whether multinutrient supplements (nasogastric) changes participants with complications (e.g. pressure sore, aspiration… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage vs arm sling

Shoulder function · patients (mainly young male adults) with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage changes shoulder function Constant score (0 to 100 points: higher = better) compared with arm sling (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Clinical healing ‐ Time to clinical fracture consolidation (days) · patients with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

The intervention showed no clear difference in clinical healing ‐ Time to clinical fracture consolidation (days) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (Skin irritation) · patients with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (Skin irritation) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage vs arm sling

Pain intensity (0‐10cm visual analogue scale) · patients (mainly young male adults) with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage changes pain (early) Visual Analogue Scale ‐ VAS (0 (no pain) to 10 (worst… compared with arm sling (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage vs arm sling

Treatment failure (Number of participants who have undergone or are being considered for a surgical intervention) · patients (mainly young male adults) with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage vs arm sling

Clinical healing ‐ Time to clinical fracture consolidation (days) · patients (mainly young male adults) with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage changes clinical healing ‐ time to clinical fracture consolidation (weeks) compared with arm sling (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review