Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,014 questions · 1,050 findings · 42 reviews · Incontinence

No studies found 391 · 37.2%GRADE not reported 82 · 7.8%Very low 199 · 19%Low 206 · 19.6%Moderate 150 · 14.3%High 22 · 2.1%

Complementary therapy interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Number of participants continent after treatment · people with stroke and urinary incontinence

Complementary therapy interventions may leads to higher number of participants continent after treatment compared with usual care or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural intervention vs usual care or no treatment

Health status and quality of life · people with stroke and urinary incontinence

Behavioural interventions showed no clear difference in health status and quality of life assessed by Bristol Female Lower… compared with usual care or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review