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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,860 questions · 64,864 findings · 4,913 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 13,869 · 21.4%GRADE not reported 3,491 · 5.4%Very low 16,300 · 25.1%Low 17,338 · 26.7%Moderate 10,900 · 16.8%High 2,966 · 4.6%

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Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs ACEi plus angiotensin receptor blockers

Micro‐ to normoalbuminuria Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) alone showed no clear difference in micro‐ to normoalbuminuria Median compared with ACEi plus angiotensin receptor blockers (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB

Death (all causes) · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone showed no clear difference in all‐cause death Median compared with angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB

Cardiovascular mortality · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone showed no clear difference in cardiovascular death Median compared with angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB

Doubling of SCr Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone showed no clear difference in doubling of SCr Median compared with angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB

Fatal or nonfatal stroke · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone showed no clear difference in fatal or nonfatal stroke Median compared with angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment

Fatal or nonfatal stroke · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors showed no clear difference in fatal or nonfatal stroke Median compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB

Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone showed no clear difference in fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction Median compared with angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB

Micro‐ to macroalbuminuria Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone showed no clear difference in micro‐ to macroalbuminuria Median compared with angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB

Micro‐ to normoalbuminuria Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone showed no clear difference in micro‐ to normoalbuminuria Median compared with angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment

Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors showed no clear difference in fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction Median compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs another ARB

Death (all causes) · people with diabetes and kidney disease

It is very uncertain whether angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) changes all‐cause death Median compared with another ARB (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review