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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,187 questions · 1,248 findings · 108 reviews · Stroke

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No studies found 275 · 22%GRADE not reported 56 · 4.5%Very low 269 · 21.6%Low 349 · 28%Moderate 216 · 17.3%High 83 · 6.7%

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Depression: mean scores at end of treatment (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke
1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… changes adverse events: death (secondary outcome) compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. headache, seizures) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… changes adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. headache,… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria, neck pain, eye discomfort) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… changes adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g.… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: death (secondary outcome) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Adverse effects (central nervous system) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. confusion,… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Gastrointestinal adverse events · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: all ‐ gastrointestinal effects (e.g. constipation,… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment (primary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether non‐invasive brain stimulation changes depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment… compared with sham non‐invasive brain stimulation and/or usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Recombinant activated factor VII vs placebo/open control

Death or dependence (mRS 4 to 6) at day 90 · adults with acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage

Summary of findings table ‐ Recombinant activated factor VII showed no clear difference in death or dependence (mRS 4–6) compared with placebo/open control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs placebo/open control

All serious adverse events · adults with acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage

Summary of findings table ‐ Antifibrinolytic drug(s) showed no clear difference in all serious adverse events compared with placebo/open control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs placebo/open control

Death from any cause · adults with acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage

Summary of findings table ‐ Antifibrinolytic drug(s) showed no clear difference in death from any cause compared with placebo/open control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Platelet transfusion vs open control

Death or dependence (mRS 4 to 6) at day 90 · adults with acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage associated with antiplatelet drug use

Summary of findings table ‐ Platelet transfusion probably leads to higher death or dependence (mRS 4–6) compared with open control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Platelet transfusion vs open control

Intracerebral haemorrhage expansion by 24 hours · adults with acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage associated with antiplatelet drug use

Summary of findings table ‐ Platelet transfusion showed no clear difference in intracerebral haemorrhage expansion by 24 hours compared with open control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Platelet transfusion vs open control

All serious adverse events · adults with acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage associated with antiplatelet drug use

Summary of findings table ‐ Platelet transfusion showed no clear difference in all serious adverse events compared with open control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Platelet transfusion vs open control

Death from any cause · adults with acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage associated with antiplatelet drug use

Summary of findings table ‐ Platelet transfusion showed no clear difference in death from any cause compared with open control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review