Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

266 questions · 274 findings · 25 reviews · Movement Disorders

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No studies found 13 · 4.7%GRADE not reported 7 · 2.6%Very low 66 · 24.1%Low 66 · 24.1%Moderate 87 · 31.8%High 35 · 12.8%

Exercise vs control

Economic outcomes · people with Parkinson's disease

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 923 participants
Very low

Summary of findings for cholinesterase inhibitors vs placebo

Falls · people with Parkinson's disease

Summary of findings for cholinesterase inhibitors may leads to lower rate of falls (falls per person‐year) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Rate ratio 0.5 [0.44, 0.58]
3 studies · 229 participants
Low

Summary of findings for cholinesterase inhibitors vs placebo

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · people with Parkinson's disease

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 230 participants
Very low

Summary of findings for cholinesterase inhibitors vs placebo

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · people with Parkinson's disease

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 23 participants
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs anticholinergics

Cervical dystonia‐specific improvement · cervical dystonia

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A versus anticholinergics for cervical dystonia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs anticholinergics

Adverse events · cervical dystonia

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A versus anticholinergics for cervical dystonia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs anticholinergics

Subjective Evaluation of Clinical Status · cervical dystonia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A versus anticholinergics for cervical dystonia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Botulinum toxin type A vs anticholinergics

Cervical dystonia‐specific pain · cervical dystonia

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A versus anticholinergics for cervical dystonia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs anticholinergics

Health‐related quality of life · cervical dystonia

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A versus anticholinergics for cervical dystonia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs anticholinergics

Withdrawals due to adverse events · cervical dystonia

It is very uncertain whether botulinum toxin type A changes tolerability assessed by dropouts due to adverse events compared with anticholinergics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A versus anticholinergics for cervical dystonia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.04, 3.04]
Studies not reported
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs anticholinergics

Duration of effect · cervical dystonia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A versus anticholinergics for cervical dystonia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Cervical dystonia‐specific improvement · cervical dystonia

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Adverse events at 4 weeks; 1085 participants (8 RCTs) · cervical dystonia

Botulinum toxin type A probably leads to higher adverse events at 4 weeks; 1085 participants (8 RCTs) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.23 [1.05, 1.43]
Studies not reported
Moderate

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Subjective participant assessment at 4 weeks; 755 participants(6 RCTs) · cervical dystonia

Botulinum toxin type A leads to higher subjective participant assessment at 4 weeks; 755 participants(6 RCTs) compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.19 [1.78, 2.7]
Studies not reported
High

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Cervical dystonia‐specific pain · cervical dystonia

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Tolerability assessed as dropouts at 4 to 6 weeks: 705 participants (5 RCTs) · cervical dystonia

Botulinum toxin type A leads to lower tolerability assessed as dropouts at 4 to 6 weeks: 705 participants… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.48 [0.32, 0.73]
Studies not reported
High

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Health‐related quality of life · cervical dystonia

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Duration of effect 618 participants (5 RCTs) · cervical dystonia

It is very uncertain whether botulinum toxin type A changes duration of effect 618 participants (5 RCTs) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Blepharospasm‐specific severity ( · adults with blepharospasm

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A therapy for blepharospasm 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Adverse events (reported at any time) (2 RCT, 169 participants) · adults with blepharospasm

Botulinum toxin type A showed no clear difference in adverse events (reported at any time) (2 RCT, 169 participants) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A therapy for blepharospasm 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.18 [0.87, 1.6]
Studies not reported
Low