Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,860 questions · 64,864 findings · 4,913 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 13,869 · 21.4%GRADE not reported 3,491 · 5.4%Very low 16,300 · 25.1%Low 17,338 · 26.7%Moderate 10,900 · 16.8%High 2,966 · 4.6%

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Extracorporeal shockwave therapy vs control

Quantitative functional improvement · adolescents and adults with acute fractures in tibia and femur

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Function in the short term · people aged over 14 years with displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Function in the long term Measured using AOFAS score (0 to 100, higher scores indicate improved function) · people aged over 14 years with displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 319 participants
Low

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Chronic pain · people aged over 14 years with displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures

Surgical may leads to lower chronic pain Measured as number of people experiencing pain compared with non‐surgical management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.56 [0.37, 0.84]
4 studies · 175 participants
Low

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Quality of Life: SF‐36 (physical component) · people aged over 14 years with displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 192 participants
Low

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Return to work · people aged over 14 years with displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures

Surgical showed no clear difference in return to work compared with non‐surgical management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.26 [0.94, 1.68]
5 studies · 250 participants
Low

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Complications requiring unplanned return to theatre Subtalar arthrodesis · people aged over 14 years with displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures

Surgical showed no clear difference in complications requiring unplanned return to theatre Subtalar… compared with non‐surgical management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.38 [0.09, 1.53]
3 studies · 657 participants
Low

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Complications not requiring unplanned return to theatre Superficial infection (affecting only participants who had surgical treatment) · people aged over 14 years with displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 847 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions intended primarily to reduce antipsychotic use vs (Optimised) usual care

Number of participants receiving a regular prescription of antipsychotic medication · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 5 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions intended primarily to reduce antipsychotic use vs (Optimised) usual care

Adverse events · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 3 participants
High

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions intended primarily to reduce antipsychotic use vs (Optimised) usual care

Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 7982 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions intended primarily to reduce antipsychotic use vs (Optimised) usual care

Quality of life · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions intended primarily to reduce antipsychotic use vs (Optimised) usual care

Prescribing of regular psychotropic medication · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
Low

Single‐incision slings vs autologous fascial slings

Subjective cure or improvement of urinary incontinence: at 12 months · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Single‐incision slings vs retropubic minimally‐invasive slings

Painful intercourse ‐ Dyspareunia · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Single‐incision slings vs retropubic minimally‐invasive slings

Number of women with mesh exposure, extrusion or erosion in any area · women with urinary incontinence

Single‐incision slings showed no clear difference in number of women with mesh exposure, extrusion or erosion in any area compared with retropubic minimally‐invasive slings (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.55 [0.24, 9.82]
3 studies · 267 participants
Low

Single‐incision slings vs retropubic minimally‐invasive slings

Number of women with urinary retention · women with urinary incontinence

Single‐incision slings showed no clear difference in number of women with urinary retention compared with retropubic minimally‐invasive slings (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.47 [0.12, 1.84]
2 studies · 209 participants
Low

Single‐incision slings vs retropubic minimally‐invasive slings

Quality of life: at 12 months · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Single‐incision slings vs retropubic minimally‐invasive slings

Number of women requiring repeat continence surgery or mesh revision · women with urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether single‐incision slings changes number of women requiring repeat continence surgery or mesh revision compared with retropubic minimally‐invasive slings (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.19 [0.31, 57.28]
2 studies · 182 participants
Very low

Single‐incision slings vs transobturator minimally‐invasive slings

Subjective cure or improvement of urinary incontinence: at 12 months · women with urinary incontinence

Single‐incision slings showed no clear difference in subjective cure or improvement of urinary incontinence: 12 months compared with transobturator minimally‐invasive slings (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.97, 1.03]
17 studies · 2359 participants
High