What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings ‐ nebulisers for delivering other aerosolised medications: conventional systems vs nebuliser

• Nebuliser systems for drug delivery in cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 8 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings ‐ nebulisers for delivering other aerosolised medications: conventional systems vs nebuliser

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Nebuliser systems for drug delivery in cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings ‐ nebulisers for delivering other aerosolised medications: conventional systems vs nebuliser

• Nebuliser systems for drug delivery in cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 8 participants
  Very low

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors showed no clear difference in death (any cause) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2 [0.26, 15.37]
  2 studies · 8873 participants
  Low

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs ARB

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs ARB

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs ARB

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors showed no clear difference in CVD events: total (fatal and non‐fatal) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.9, 1.05]
  2 studies · 8873 participants
  Low

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors may leads to higher adverse events: number reporting an adverse event compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.33 [1.26, 1.41]
  2 studies · 8873 participants
  Low

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 226 participants
  GRADE not reported

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether angiotensin receptor blockers changes adverse events (number reporting an adverse event) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 19.34 [1.14, 328.3]
  1 study · 226 participants
  Very low

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 226 participants
  Very low

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs ARB

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Statins vs placebo or usual care

Statin therapy leads to lower major cardiovascular events (MACE) compared with placebo or standard of care (high certainty).

• HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.72 [0.66, 0.79]
  14 studies · 36156 participants
  High

Statins vs placebo or usual care

Statin therapy leads to lower death compared with placebo or standard of care (high certainty).

• HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.73, 0.96]
  13 studies · 34978 participants
  High

Statins vs placebo or usual care

It is very uncertain whether statin therapy changes rhabdomyolysis compared with placebo or standard of care (very low certainty).

• HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.07 [0.13, 75.37]
  2 studies · 2618 participants
  Very low

Statins vs placebo or usual care

Statin therapy probably leads to lower myocardial infarction compared with placebo or standard of care (moderate certainty).

• HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.42, 0.73]
  10 studies · 9475 participants
  Moderate

Statins vs placebo or usual care

Statin therapy showed no clear difference in stroke compared with placebo or standard of care (moderate certainty).

• HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.64 [0.37, 1.08]
  7 studies · 9158 participants
  Moderate