Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,535 questions · 3,601 findings · 252 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 726 · 20.2%GRADE not reported 421 · 11.7%Very low 828 · 23%Low 993 · 27.6%Moderate 486 · 13.5%High 147 · 4.1%

Routine vaginal examination vs routine ultrasound

Maternal pain (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examinations compared to other methods for assessing progress of labour to improve outcomes for women… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Routine vaginal examination vs routine rectal examination

Positive birth experience (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · pregnant women in labour at term

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examinations compared to other methods for assessing progress of labour to improve outcomes for women… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Routine vaginal examination vs routine rectal examination

Augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · pregnant women in labour at term

It is very uncertain whether routine vaginal examination changes augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: 307(1 RCT) compared with routine rectal examination (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examinations compared to other methods for assessing progress of labour to improve outcomes for women… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.63, 1.68]
Studies not reported
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil vs diazepam

Fetal immobilisation score at 40 minutes (Degree of fetal immobilisation as defined by trial authors) · health problem or population

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative pharmacological interventions for fetal immobilisation during fetal surgery and invasive procedures 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil vs diazepam

Fetal movements ‐ gross body and limb (Degree of fetal immobilisation as defined by trial authors) · health problem or population

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative pharmacological interventions for fetal immobilisation during fetal surgery and invasive procedures 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil vs diazepam

Surgical assessment/satisfaction score = 1 or 2 (Technically successful procedure as defined by trial authors) · health problem or population

Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil may leads to higher surgical assessment/satisfaction score = 1 or 2 (Technically… compared with diazepam (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative pharmacological interventions for fetal immobilisation during fetal surgery and invasive procedures 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.88 [1.6, 5.15]
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil vs diazepam

Maternal respiratory rate (Maternal respiratory depression as defined by trial authors or measured using intraoperative maternal arterial oxygen saturation and maternal respiratory rate) · health problem or population

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative pharmacological interventions for fetal immobilisation during fetal surgery and invasive procedures 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil vs diazepam

Maternal OAA score (observer assessment of alertness/sedation) < 4 (Maternal sedation measured using sedation scores as defined by authors) · health problem or population

Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil may leads to lower maternal OAA score (observer assessment of alertness/sedation) < 4… compared with diazepam (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative pharmacological interventions for fetal immobilisation during fetal surgery and invasive procedures 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.09 [0.01, 0.65]
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil vs diazepam

Perinatal mortality · health problem or population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative pharmacological interventions for fetal immobilisation during fetal surgery and invasive procedures 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil vs diazepam

Time taken to perform procedure · health problem or population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative pharmacological interventions for fetal immobilisation during fetal surgery and invasive procedures 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Cervical pessary vs no treatment

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · women with singleton pregnancies at risk of cervical insufficiency

Cervical pessary showed no clear difference in delivery before 34 weeks' gestation compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.33, 1.55]
5 studies · 1830 participants
Low

Cervical pessary vs vaginal progesterone

Maternal infection or inflammation · women with singleton pregnancies at risk of cervical insufficiency

Cervical pessary showed no clear difference in maternal infection or inflammation compared with vaginal progesterone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.81, 1.12]
2 studies · 265 participants
Moderate

Cervical pessary vs vaginal progesterone

Neonatal/paediatric care unit admission · women with singleton pregnancies at risk of cervical insufficiency

Cervical pessary showed no clear difference in neonatal/paediatric care unit admission compared with vaginal progesterone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.49, 1.98]
1 study · 254 participants
Low

Cervical pessary vs vaginal progesterone

Fetal/infant mortality · women with singleton pregnancies at risk of cervical insufficiency

Cervical pessary showed no clear difference in fetal/infant mortality compared with vaginal progesterone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.97 [0.5, 7.7]
2 studies · 265 participants
Low

Cervical pessary vs vaginal progesterone

Harm to offspring from the intervention · women with singleton pregnancies at risk of cervical insufficiency

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 11 participants
Low

Cervical pessary vs vaginal progesterone

Birthweight (g) · women with singleton pregnancies at risk of cervical insufficiency

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Cervical pessary vs cervical cerclage

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · women with singleton pregnancies at risk of cervical insufficiency

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 13 participants
Low

Cervical pessary vs cervical cerclage

Preterm birth · women with singleton pregnancies at risk of cervical insufficiency

Cervical pessary showed no clear difference in delivery before 37 weeks' gestation compared with cervical cerclage (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 5.71 [0.33, 99.97]
1 study · 13 participants
Low

Cervical pessary vs cervical cerclage

Maternal infection or inflammation · women with singleton pregnancies at risk of cervical insufficiency

It is very uncertain whether cervical pessary changes maternal infection or inflammation compared with cervical cerclage (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.23 [0.01, 4]
1 study · 13 participants
Very low

Cervical pessary vs cervical cerclage

Neonatal/paediatric care unit admission · women with singleton pregnancies at risk of cervical insufficiency

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found