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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,014 questions · 1,050 findings · 42 reviews · Incontinence

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No studies found 391 · 37.2%GRADE not reported 82 · 7.8%Very low 199 · 19%Low 206 · 19.6%Moderate 150 · 14.3%High 22 · 2.1%

PFMT added to continence pessary vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding or Spotting · pelvic organ prolapse in women

Pessary plus PFMT showed no clear difference in number of women with adverse events ‐ abnormal vaginal bleeding compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to continence pessary vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Number of women with adverse events ‐ de novo voiding difficulty · pelvic organ prolapse in women

Pessary plus PFMT showed no clear difference in number of women with adverse events ‐ de novo voiding difficulty compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Urinary incontinence in late pregnancy · pregnant women who were continent when randomised

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training probably leads to lower urinary incontinence in late pregnancy compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Urinary incontinence in late pregnancy · pregnant women who were incontinent when randomised

It is very uncertain whether antenatal pelvic floor muscle training changes urinary incontinence in late pregnancy compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Urinary incontinence mid‐postnatal period (> 3‐6 months) · pregnant women who were incontinent when randomised

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training showed no clear difference in urinary incontinence mid‐postnatal period(> 3‐6 months) compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Urinary incontinence late postnatal period (> 6‐12 months) · pregnant women who were incontinent when randomised

It is very uncertain whether antenatal pelvic floor muscle training changes urinary incontinence late postnatal period(> 6‐12 months) compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review