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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,860 questions · 64,864 findings · 4,913 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 13,869 · 21.4%GRADE not reported 3,491 · 5.4%Very low 16,300 · 25.1%Low 17,338 · 26.7%Moderate 10,900 · 16.8%High 2,966 · 4.6%

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Intervention not reported

Varenicline plus behavioral intervention vs placebo plus behavioral intervention ‐ (repeated point prevalence abstinence (not even a puff/chew/session in the last 7 days) at each of weeks 5, 12, and 25 (combined), verified by CO cutoff < 10 ppm) · people who use waterpipe

The intervention showed no clear difference in varenicline plus behavioral intervention vs placebo plus behavioral… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Bupropion therapy plus behavioral intervention vs behavioral intervention alone (continuous waterpipe smoking abstinence, defined as an expired CO of 9 ppm or less at the 6‐month postintervention · people who use waterpipe

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes bupropion therapy plus behavioral intervention vs behavioral… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Bupropion therapy plus behavioral support versus self‐help (continuous waterpipe smoking abstinence, defined as an expired CO of 9 ppm or less at the 6‐month postintervention · people who use waterpipe

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes bupropion therapy plus behavioral support versus self‐help… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

E‐health interventions · people who use waterpipe

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes E‐health interventions (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Presence of PHN 6 months after the onset of acute herpetic rashClinical manifestation · people with acute herpes zoster (within 7 days of onset of rash)

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes presence of PHN 6 months after the onset of acute herpetic… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse eventsClinical manifestation and laboratory examination · people with acute herpes zoster (within 7 days of onset of rash)

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes serious adverse eventsClinical manifestation and laboratory… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review