Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,860 questions · 64,864 findings · 4,913 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 13,869 · 21.4%GRADE not reported 3,491 · 5.4%Very low 16,300 · 25.1%Low 17,338 · 26.7%Moderate 10,900 · 16.8%High 2,966 · 4.6%

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Slow passive expiration vs control

Time to recovery/time to clinical stability ( · infants up to 24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis

1 finding from 1 review

Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 71 participants
Low

Slow passive expiration vs control

Change in the severity status of bronchiolitis Assessed using a variety of scales · infants up to 24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis

Slow passive expiration showed no clear difference in change in the severity status of bronchiolitis Assessed using a… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 434 participants
Low

Slow passive expiration vs control

Adverse events ( · infants up to 24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis

1 finding from 1 review

Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 565 participants
Very low

Forced expiration vs control

Time to recovery/time to clinical stability ( · infants up to 24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis

1 finding from 1 review

Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 628 participants
High

Forced expiration vs control

Change in the severity status of bronchiolitis Assessed using a variety of scales · infants up to 24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis

It is very uncertain whether forced expiration changes change in the severity status of bronchiolitis Assessed using a… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 132 participants
Very low

Forced expiration vs control

Adverse events ( · infants up to 24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis

Forced expiration leads to higher adverse events ( compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1
2 studies · 599 participants
High

Surgery vs botulinum neurotoxin injections

Treatment success: improvement in the angle of strabismus at 6 months · children with infantile esotropia

It is very uncertain whether surgery changes treatment success: improvement in the angle of strabismus at 6 months compared with botulinum neurotoxin injections (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for infantile esotropia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.88 [1.27, 2.77]
1 study · 101 participants
Very low

Surgery vs botulinum neurotoxin injections

Presence and quality of binocularity at 6 months · children with infantile esotropia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for infantile esotropia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Surgery vs botulinum neurotoxin injections

Adverse effects (severe, minor) at 6 months · children with infantile esotropia

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for infantile esotropia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 101 participants
Very low

Bilateral recession vs unilateral recession‐resection

Treatment success: improvement in the angle of strabismus at 6 months · children with infantile esotropia

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for infantile esotropia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 118 participants
Very low

Bilateral recession vs unilateral recession‐resection

Presence and quality of binocularity at 6 months · children with infantile esotropia

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for infantile esotropia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Very low

Bilateral recession vs unilateral recession‐resection

Adverse effects (severe, minor) at 6 months · children with infantile esotropia

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for infantile esotropia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 118 participants
Very low

Summary of findings ‐ Breastfeeding vs control

Heart rate · term newborns (≥ 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) and preterm infants (< 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) up to maximum of 44…

1 finding from 1 review

Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 784 participants
Low

Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control

Percentage of time crying · term newborns (≥ 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) and preterm infants (< 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) up to maximum of 44…

1 finding from 1 review

Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Low

Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control

Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) · term newborns (≥ 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) and preterm infants (< 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) up to maximum of 44…

1 finding from 1 review

Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 291 participants
Low

Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control

Neonatal Facial Coding Score (NFCS) at 3 minutes (Supplemental breast milk versus control) · term newborns (≥ 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) and preterm infants (< 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) up to maximum of 44…

1 finding from 1 review

Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low

Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control

Douleur Aigue du Nouveau‐né (DAN) scale · term newborns (≥ 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) and preterm infants (< 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) up to maximum of 44…

1 finding from 1 review

Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 224 participants
Low

Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control

Any adverse outcome · term newborns (≥ 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) and preterm infants (< 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) up to maximum of 44…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings ‐ Breastfeeding vs control

Duration of crying (seconds) · term newborns (≥ 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) and preterm infants (< 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) up to maximum of 44…

1 finding from 1 review

Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 1866 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ Breastfeeding vs control

Percentage of time crying · term newborns (≥ 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) and preterm infants (< 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) up to maximum of 44…

1 finding from 1 review

Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 359 participants
Low