Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,234 questions · 2,325 findings · 216 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 249 · 10.7%GRADE not reported 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%

Ventilation feedback training plus exercise vs exercise

Dyspnoea during treadmill walking Borg scale at isotime during constant work rate treadmill test Scale ranges from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating less shortness of breath · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Ventilation feedback training plus exercise vs exercise

Change in dyspnoea score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low

Ventilation feedback training plus exercise vs exercise

Health‐related quality of life (Change in CRQ Dyspnoea) CRQ · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 73 participants
Moderate

Pursed lip breathing vs no breathing exercises

Dyspnea · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 19 participants
Low

Pursed lip breathing vs no breathing exercises

Six‐minute walk distance · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Low

Pursed lip breathing vs no breathing exercises

Health‐related quality of life Dyspnoea domain of Hiratsuka scale Scores range from 0 to 100, with lower scores indicating less shortness of breath · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 60 participants
Low

Diaphragmatic breathing vs no breathing exercises

Change in dyspnoea score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Moderate

Diaphragmatic breathing vs no breathing exercises

Change in 6‐minute walking distance · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Moderate

Diaphragmatic breathing vs no breathing exercises

Health‐related quality of life Change in total score of St George Respiratory Questionnaire · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Moderate

Yoga vs no breathing exercises

Dyspnoea during exercise Modified Borg dyspnoea score at end of 6‐minute walk test Scores range from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating less shortness of breath · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 29 participants
Low

Yoga vs no breathing exercises

Dyspnea · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 29 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Need for increased ventilatory assistance (invasive or non‐invasive) · individuals with an exacerbation of COPD

The intervention may leads to lower need for increased ventilatory assistance (invasive or non‐invasive) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Airway clearance techniques for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.21 [0.05, 0.85]
4 studies · 171 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Duration of ventilatory assistance days · individuals with an exacerbation of COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Airway clearance techniques for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 54 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Length of hospital stay days · individuals with an exacerbation of COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Airway clearance techniques for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 171 participants
Low

Tiotropium vs long‐acting beta‐agonists

SGRQ Total SGRQ (Total) Score. Scale from: 0 to 100. Lower score indicates better quality of life. · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and > 10 pack years smoking history

1 finding from 1 review

Tiotropium versus long‐acting beta‐agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 4935 participants
GRADE not reported

Tiotropium vs long‐acting beta‐agonists

Hospitalisations, number of participants with 1 or more exacerbations · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and > 10 pack years smoking history

Tiotropium probably leads to lower patients with 1 or more exacerbations compared with long‐acting beta‐agonists (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tiotropium versus long‐acting beta‐agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.86 [0.79, 0.93]
6 studies · 12123 participants
Moderate

Tiotropium vs long‐acting beta‐agonists

Mortality (all‐cause) · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and > 10 pack years smoking history

It is very uncertain whether tiotropium changes mortality (all‐cause) compared with long‐acting beta‐agonists (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tiotropium versus long‐acting beta‐agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.82 [0.6, 1.13]
6 studies · 12123 participants
Very low

Tiotropium vs long‐acting beta‐agonists

Cost‐effectiveness · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and > 10 pack years smoking history

1 finding from 1 review

Tiotropium versus long‐acting beta‐agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 participants
Low

IV + inhaled beta agonist vs inhaled beta‐agonist

Hospital admissions · patients with acute asthma

IV + inhaled beta agonist showed no clear difference in admissions to hospital compared with inhaled beta‐agonist (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of intravenous beta₂‐agonists to inhaled beta₂‐agonists for acute asthma 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.29 [0.06, 1.38]
1 study · 29 participants
Low

IV + inhaled beta agonist vs inhaled beta‐agonist

Healthcare use: length of stay in the emergency department · patients with acute asthma

IV + inhaled beta agonist showed no clear difference in length of stay in emergency department compared with inhaled beta‐agonist (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of intravenous beta₂‐agonists to inhaled beta₂‐agonists for acute asthma 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 46 participants
Moderate